■ 



I 

I 



Character Qualities Outlined 
and Related 




John Casper Lavater 

The first writer on physiognomy and author of the work from which the 
illustrations for this book are taken. 

His eye indicates good powers of observation, but there is a lack of physi- 
cal vigor to give the eye penetration or the mind the concentration that 
would result in logic or science. Great sensitiveness, patience, and self- 
consciousness are evident in this fine face. 



Character Qualities 
Outlined & Related 

Summing up the Evidence of Individual Qualities 

and Tendencies as Shown by the Reactions 

of the Mind and Body on the Face 



By 

Gerald Elton Fosbroke 

Author of 

*' Character Reading through Analysis of the Features," 

11 Character Revelations of Mind and Body" 



With 52 Illustrations 



G. P. Putnam's Sons 

New York and London 

Ubc fmtcfeerbocfeer press 

1923 



^«* 



Copyright, 1922 

by 

Gerald Elton Fosbroke 



^ 




Made in the United States of America 



JAN 2$ '23 

©C1A69C180 



■^■■^■^■H 



CONTENTS 



I. — Health Conditions ..... 7 

II. — Vitality ...... 19 

III. — Reflective Ability .... 22 

IV. — Perceptive Ability ..... 46 

V. — Mental Action Qualities . . 72 

VI. — Mental and Bodily Action Qualities . 87 

VII. — Passive Negatives ..... 107 

VIII. — Active Negatives . . . . .120 

IX. — Aptitudes ...... 147 

Index 163 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



PAGE 



John Casper Lavater . . . Frontispiece 

Spaulding ........ 11 

Lebec ........ 16 

Illustrative of a Good, Reflective and Percep- 
tive Mind ....... 22 

Henry II of France 27 

Wren 32 

Henry Fussile ....... 39 

Mercier ........ 44 

Moncrif ........ 47 

Voisin ........ 53 

0. Heidegger ....... 56 

Benjamin West ....... 65 

Top Picture Illustrative of Great Fineness; 

Bottom Picture Great Coarseness . . 68 

Sir Thomas More ...... 73 

Seneca ........ 89 

vii 



viii Illustrations 

PAGE 

Illustrations of Control and Lack of it . 91 

Illustration of "Sense" Type .... 104 

Illustrative of Woman's Lack of Mental De- 
velopment in the 17th Century . . . 107 

Illustrative of Woman's Lack of Mental De- 
velopment in the 17th Century . . . 109 

Illustrations Chiefly of Passive Negatives . Ill 

Illustrations Chiefly of Passive Negatives . 113 

Illustrations of Selfishness from Excess of 
Body Strength and Desires in Upper Picture; 
the Lower Picture from Narrowness and 

Crudity . . . . . . . . 115 

Duke D'Urbino . . 117 

Duke of Weymar . . • . . . 121 

A Trans-Tiberine . . . . . .124 

Kaufman ........ 128 

Johnson ........ 130 

Illustrative Expressions of Negative Emotional 
Traits . .137 

Illustrative Expressions of Negative Emotional 

Traits 141 

Count Stadion 149 

Mengs 155 



Character Qualities Outlined 
and Related 



Character Qualities Outlined 

INTRODUCTION 

This book is wholly for the student of character 
analysis. A thorough knowledge of structures and 
the vocabulary used in this subject are necessary 
before this book can render the full service that is 
hoped for it. Complete description of structures 
and vocabulary will be found in Character Reading 
Through Analysis of the Features, and Character 
Revelations of Mind and Body, by the author. It 
is not the intention that all the indications of 
every quality shall be learned from this book, but 
that the text shall be kept for ready reference after 
reasonable familiarity has been acquired. 

The important thing in accurate work in charac- 
ter analysis is to be able to properly weigh the 
indications of character qualities. It is useless to 
render an opinion in regard to a quality based 
upon one indication, as there may be many others 
that contradict and are not in harmony. 

It is therefore the purpose of this book to assist 

3 



4 Character Qualities Outlined 

in doing away with mechanical work in character 
analysis, and develop a broader observation, so 
that all indications may be correlated one with 
another before the conclusion is stated. 

A character analyst must of necessity fully 
understand the combination of elements contained 
in different character qualities, and it has been the 
intention herein to give a correct definition as 
applied to character analysis of the qualities listed 
and as far as possible cite the component parts of 
each characteristic, in addition to giving mention 
of all other qualities that enter into the make-up 
of the one in question. 

All additional qualities mentioned under any 
heading which are italicized should be referred to 
and studied before arriving at a conclusion as to 
the presence or absence of the quality looked for. 
A list of all qualities is arranged alphabetically at 
the end of the book, for ready reference. 

It is not intended or expected that all the structures 
and conditions mentioned under the separate head- 
ings shall be found present in all cases; but according 
to the value and amount of the evidence in each case, 
to that degree will the quality be found. 

Qualities are subject to a number of divisions, 
which, when made, will materially assist the 
student to recognize them 



Introduction 5 

As health and vitality are such important ele- 
ments in the development of character, the essen- 
tials of these qualities are discussed in Chapters 
I and II. 

Qualities are then divided first into positive or 
success-making qualities, discussed in Chapters 
III, IV, V and VI, and then into negative or 
destructive character qualities, discussed in Chap- 
ters VII and VIII. 

These two divisions are subject to further divi- 
sion. The positive qualities are divided into four 
groups, as follows: reflective qualities, perceptive 
qualities, mental action qualities, mental and bodily 
action qualities. Reflective qualities are nearly 
wholly dependent on reflective power but are to a 
minor degree dependent on perception, discussed 
in Chapter III; perceptive qualities, Chapter IV, 
are based on perception and require only a minor 
degree of reflective ability in their operation. These 
two groups do not partake of the element of action. 

Then follow the qualities that find expression 
practically wholly through mental action, Chapter 
V, and another group that finds expression through 
mental and bodily action, Chapter VI. 

The negative qualities are divided into two 
divisions, viz., the passive negatives, which do not 
include the element of action, in Chapter VII, and 



6 Character Qualities Outlined 

the active negatives, which come to life as a result of 
the element of action, in Chapter VIII. 

There is still a last group, which consists of quali- 
ties which are the result of aptitudes, and these are 
made up of varying combinations of these other 
qualities already mentioned that give a particular 
trend to the abilities discussed in Chapter IX. 

The illustrations of this book were selected and 
reproduced from the first book written upon the 
subject of physiognomy in the seventeenth cen- 
tury, by John Casper Lavater. He did not claim 
to be a scientist, but was an observer. These 
illustrations in the original quarto edition of 
Lavater's work are beautifully executed, and al- 
though it would appear that they are not always 
true to life they are excellent material for study to 
increase the necessary development of sense per- 
ception. Should the student of Character Analysis 
read the work on this subject of that period he will be 
greatly encouraged by the present certainty of know- 
ledge as compared with the indefiniteness shown in 
Lavater's work. The comments in regard to the 
illustrations are made by the author of this book. 

For the benefit of coming generations, that this 
knowledge and its application will make still greater 
strides in the years to come, is the hope of the 

Author. 



CHAPTER I 

HEALTH CONDITIONS 

General Health is a quality that indicates that 
the mind, and the body in all its functions, are as 
nearly balanced in operation as is possible. Where 
general health is of the best the perceptive mind is 
in control of the reflective and imaginative mind, 
and each one of the bodily functions is so regulated 
in relation to all others that the result is perfect 
harmony in its operation. 

Each person is an entity that is a combination 
of many elements, and in each person these ele- 
ments are in varying degree. Each of the elements 
of which the body is composed must be in right pro- 
portion one to the other, to retain good health and 
for the vital organs each to correctly perform its 
individual office for the body. No destructive over- 
burden must fall upon any particular function. 
It is imperative that for good health each shall 
perform in full its particular duty, but shall not do 
more. That is to say, enough bile shall be secreted, 

7 



8 Character Qualities Outlined 

but not too much, enough lymph, and not too 
much, etc. 

Too much action or too little action of any of the 
vital organs caused by an over- or under-amount 
of those elements in the body that have the effect 
of stimulating or retarding action, will upset the 
balanced functioning. If great lack of balance is 
continued it will bring about either partial or 
complete breakdown. 

It is therefore important in describing the facial 
and bodily indications of good general health that 
the particular organs or elements responsible for 
the indications and their action should be outlined. 

This can only be done briefly in the limited space 
here available, and students of this subject should 
read carefully, with an inquiring mind, some 
authentic work on the subject of physiology. 

In judging the strength or weakness of any of 
the bodily parts it must be remembered the thing 
sought for is balance of all the elements so that 
the functioning of each of the vital organs may be 
in absolute harmony with all others. The action 
of the mind affects the body, and vice versa. 

The brain and nervous organism which are so 
closely related have been fully discussed in other 
works of the author, and particular reference is 
made to the chapters on "The Head," "The Fore- 



Health Conditions 9 

head and Brows" and " Nerve Tension as Evi- 
denced in the Face," in Character Revelations of 
Mind and Body. It is only necessary here to 
emphasize the fact that conscious thought and 
directed action are the province of the perceptive 
mind which must control the reflections and imagin- 
ings of the reflective mind, or the subject will be 
mentally unbalanced to the degree that control 
is lacking. 

It must also be remembered that where the 
assimilative and secretory systems (including the 
lymphatic) are particularly active, and the head is 
full in the back, wide from ear to ear, with high 
reflective forehead, that the sensuous nature will 
result. "Sense" is used throughout this book as 
synonymous with sensuous as people generally 
appear to take a wrong meaning from the word 
"sensuous." The mere fact that the nature is 
sensuous will preclude the possibility of great 
mental alertness, as every sensation that is regis- 
tered in the brain is retarded in its transmission 
from the point of contact to the brain centers, and 
therefore such a brain will be called upon to register, 
within a given time, many less sensations than the 
intense nature, with rapid registration of all sense 
perceptions. 

It would also appear that over-development of 



10 Character Qualities Outlined 

the lymphatic secretory system and consequent 
increase of flesh, would result in undue pressure 
upon the nerves carrying the messages to the brain, 
and as a result would cause premature distribution 
of the nerve impulse, and therefore the sensuous 
feeling. The lessened definiteness of the "sense" 
perception transferred to the brain would result 
in a likewise shallower impression and slower re- 
action of the mind. The tapping of a telephone 
wire at many points causes indistinctness of the 
message at the final point. This is a good illustra- 
tion of the result of the divided nerve impulse. 

The broad head indicates large brain structure, 
usually of coarse quality, and therefore a less alert 
nervous system. It would appear that this brain 
would develop more slowly. It would take many 
more years to bring the cells of such a brain into a 
reasonably alert and receptive condition than it 
would those of the brain that is required to register 
all "sense" contacts with great rapidity. 

As the development of the nervous system seems 
to be in direct relation to the development of the 
brain areas, the quick moving, unencumbered 
body and brain will build up at an early age a far 
greater degree of nerve force and energy than the 
one of coarse texture of body and brain, which last 
type will have all the structures and qualities of 







Spaulding. 

A fine constructive mind with clear penetrating eye. 
One that will speak with force and logic. The lower face 
is not as much inclined to the mental, but indicates 
vigorous physical forces. 



Health Conditions 11 

emotional activity. See quality index at the end 
of this book for page in which emotional activity 
is discussed. 

As a good degree of mental alertness and nerve 
force and activity are a part of good health, these 
conditions must be properly gauged in forming a 
conclusion in relation to the subject. 

The evidence of a fine, alert, healthy brain and 
nervous system, well supported by proper bodily 
balance in addition to balanced head structure, will 
be found in a well muscled face, nicely developed 
brow that is built well forward beyond a good 
reflective forehead, the brow heavily compressed; 
the eye almond-shaped, deep-seated, with fine 
alertness and sustained concentration, deep trans- 
parency, clear and bright with good development 
of the structures surrounding the eye. The ear 
and nose cartilages will be well cut and solid in 
appearance, but fine in quality. As the degree of 
rapidity, lasting qualities and definiteness of the 
sense impressions are dependent upon the intensity 
of mental application of the subject, all indica- 
tions of the intense nature should be considered in 
judging the development of the brain and nervous 
system. All the structures of good quality will be 
present to indicate a high degree of sensitiveness. 

Balanced heart action, other conditions being 



12 Character Qualities Outlined 

right, will result in an even disposition without 
irritability or violent outbursts of temper, and 
with good control of all the emotions. There will 
be responsiveness, alertness, good courage and 
aggressiveness. This condition is evidenced by 
the skin, ears, nose and ball of chin and lips being 
of good, even, pink color, with the skin clear and 
bright when the subject is normal and not excited. 

This condition must be present for good health, 
both in those of dark as well as light coloring, 
although it will be more easily judged in those of 
medium or light coloring. 

Where the heart is sluggish in action as a result 
of depleted bodily conditions or because retarded 
by too much bile or poisons in the blood, the skin 
will either be pale and transparent or else sallow, 
blotched or very dark. The white of the eye will 
also in the latter case often take on a yellowish 
tinge. 

Where the depleted bodily condition exists, the 
subject will be timid, secretive, over-sensitive, 
suspicious of others, and lack in responsiveness 
and energy. 

Where too much bile is secreted and the elimina- 
tive functions are not sufficiently active, and 
poisons accumulate in the system from this cause 
or imperfect digestion, as is shown by the sallow, 



Health Conditions 13 

blotched or very dark condition of the skin, the 
subject will be pessimistic, moody, sullen, irritable, 
over-intense, too nervously alert, too direct in con- 
tact with others, and lack in tact and diplomacy. 
The mind will be sluggish in the morning when 
rising. Ill temper and resentments result. There 
is a tendency to take unwarranted prejudices 
against certain people. 

Where the heart is too active it is usually either 
the result of disease or weakness induced by over- 
exertion, which may be caused by too full assimila- 
tion and too much activity of the secretory glands 
and a resulting surplus of flesh and consequent 
over-burden of the heart action in forcing the blood 
to the extremities. 

The effect of bile salts in the blood is to retard 
heart activity and circulation. If the eliminative 
functions are too active they take from the system 
too much of this element. The result is over- 
activity of the heart. 

Where this latter condition exists the face will 
either flush very readily, or, if the condition is 
permanent, the ears, nose, cheeks, lips and skin 
will be bright red. Often the cheeks, ears and 
nose will indicate by red threads that capillaries 
have been ruptured or that the circulation near the 
surface is poor; and often the back of the neck, the 



14 Character Qualities Outlined 

sides of the face, the cheeks, nose, lips and chin 
will all indicate an excess of flesh. (See indications 
of Emotional Activity.) 

Where this condition is present, according to the 
completeness of the condition will the following 
qualities be found : 

The subject will be emotional, with quick, violent 
temper which is soon over and the subject re- 
pentant. He will be over-generous and allow others 
to take undue advantage; have strong, not well- 
controlled sex impulses; will be emotionally 
irritable, and foolhardy in courage. When greatly 
excited, the heart action will become so rapid that 
it will result in a feeling of weakness and sinking, 
and all ability to support courage with action will 
be lost. 

In growing children where the heart is too re- 
sponsive they should be kept from over-strenuous 
exercise as the strain results in over-elation during 
the exercise but is followed by a corresponding 
dullness and depression when the child will lack 
energy to center the attention or concentrate the 
mind. This conduct constantly repeated will re- 
sult in indefiniteness in all sense perceptions, poor 
memory, sullenness, irritability, ill-temper, with 
a tendency toward becoming surly and morose. 
The indefiniteness will cause an increased tendency 






Health Conditions 15 

to talk and act without consideration and a con- 
sequent increased likelihood of untruthfulness. 

Vigorous lung action will give proper life and 
energy to the blood. In conjunction with proper 
digestion and assimilation of food it will give to 
the blood the material with which to build the 
energy of the nerves and muscles of the body. 

Good breathing and assimilation will be shown 
in full but not fleshy cheeks; good vigorous ear and 
nose, medium to large, with well rounded nostrils; 
mouth with full, firm lips, well compressed; good, 
broad muscular chin and a reasonably high chest. 

This condition will give the subject plenty of 
both mental and bodily energy, initiative, and 
resourcefulness, optimism, love of praise, good 
recuperative power, and the ability to make many 
friends. 

If the lung capacity and assimilative functions 
are incomplete, as indicated by sunken or hollow 
cheeks, meager flesh structure of the face, thin ear 
and nose cartilages, nose contracted with nostrils 
drawn close to the septum, thin lips, a pale pink in 
color, and thin chin with little flesh formation, 
the skin pale or anemic, the subject will be lacking 
in self-confidence, will have but little energy and 
be purposeless, will be self -centered, tend to be 
selfish, and will lack in initiative and originality. 



10 Character Qualities Outlined 

If the lung power is over-developed, it is likely 
to make one too forceful and lacking in tact, with 
too much energy not properly directed. This con- 
dition is indicated by an unusually tense face, 
indicating hard instead of elastic muscles, with 
nostrils widely spread and constantly distended, 
and with chest unusually high and broad. 

Where the assimilation is too active and the 
secretory systems (including the lymphatic) are 
as a result also over-active as compared with the 
lung power and energy, the subject will be too 
fleshy and bloated in appearance, with all the 
evidence of over-emotional activity present. The 
flesh will be soft and flabby. The vital organs 
heavily encumbered with fat will all be overworked 
and weakened. The mind and body will be ponder- 
ous and clumsy in action, and the subject will lack 
energy and will love ease with a desire to avoid 
mental and bodily effort. 

Where the secretory system is particularly active 
but the assimilative functions seem to have only 
average activity, the thyroid glands at the base of 
the front of the neck will show prominently and 
will be easily noticeable when the subject turns the 
head to either side or throws it backward. Where 
this is evident the body will be unencumbered with 
flesh, but the eye will, whether deep-seated or 




The looseness of the structures of this face are the result of dissipation. 
The brow, the eye, the coarseness of the nose, mouth, and chin all indicate 
the relaxation of uncontrolled emotions. 



Health Conditions 17 

prominent, be full, clear and bright. The muscles 
of the face and body will be sharply cut and alert 
in expression and movement, and of more than 
usual elasticity. This subject will have great re- 
sponsiveness, fine recuperative powers, tenacity of 
purpose, and staying qualities. 

Conditions evidenced by exophthalmic goiter, 
which is an affection of the thyroid gland, have 
been fully covered in the chapter on the "Eye, " in 
Character Revelations of Mind and Body, by the 
author. 

Many of the glands and systems of the body are 
both secretory as well as excretory in their duties. 
When the excretory activities are not sufficiently 
vigorous to care for the natural waste of tissue or 
excessive waste caused by over-exertion or taking 
into the system poisons which in themselves create 
waste, the system becomes clogged and the renew- 
ing of the entire body seems to be to a great extent 
at a standstill. The kidneys, the bowels, and the 
pores of the skin — the outlets for dead matter — 
are curtailed in their excrements. 

This condition is easily recognized by the color 
of the skin, which becomes yellow, with a dry, hard 
appearance as though it were about to form in 
flakes; the eye, which would otherwise be bright, 
is dull, and the white of the eye becomes of a 



18 Character Qualities Outlined 

yellowish tinge, while the surface beneath the eye 
will become dark in color and baggy. The whole 
face takes on a strained appearance, and the 
muscles will indicate hardness of texture. There 
will be no indications of fat or lymphatic activity. 
The indications of irritability in the face will 
rapidly increase. This condition is more likely to 
arise in those of dark coloring than light, as the 
darkness in itself shows tendency toward bilious- 
ness. 

When this condition exists the subject will be 
moody, pessimistic, irritable, melancholy, ill-tem- 
pered, jealous, resentful, tactless, unreasonable, 
and hard to please. 

Where good general health conditions are pres- 
ent and the assimilative side is really active, 
recuperation of the forces can best be attained by 
the taking of food. A good meal in this case will 
absolutely renew one of this type. Where vitality 
is present but active assimilation is not present, 
recuperation can best be attained by sleep, as in 
this case a hearty meal cannot be digested and 
the food will simply clog the system, resulting in 
sluggishness and irritability. 



CHAPTER II 

VITALITY 

Vitality is a quality that gives one the power to 
withstand disease and physical stress in sustained 
effort. It may or may not be accompanied by 
actual physical strength resulting from balanced 
bodily conditions. 

Vitality is always found in those of heavy body 
hair growth, medium eyebrows, medium to large 
bone structure, elastic to hard muscle structures, 
and usually medium to dark coloring. The eye 
will be deep-seated, the brow compressed, and the 
features may be either expanded or contracted. 
The intense type is the vital type, and the struc- 
tures for intensity should be considered. Where 
the eyebrows are thread-like in form, the eye- 
lashes long and fine in quality, and the bone 
structures are light throughout, constitutional 
strength will not be found. 

Those who have vitality will, to the degree to 
which they have this quality, be intense, virile, 

19 



20 Character Qualities Outlined 

magnetic, alert, irritable, ill-tempered, resentful, 
jealous, obstinate, arbitrary, dependable, studious, 
systematic, logical, orderly, tenacious, persevering, 
persistent, tactless, over-positive and opinionated. 

It is not contended that all the interrelations of 
the elements of the body are given here, but simply 
enough to suggest the great field for research which 
lies open to the character analyst or the medical 
man who wishes to enter the field of what might be 
called anticipatory health advice. 

Time has been spent in the development of 
animal and vegetable life to a higher plane by 
experiment in interbreeding and grafting. The 
combination of elements in both animals and veg- 
etables, in fact the whole nature of the originals, 
has been changed. 

Equally important in developing these changes 
is the manner in which both animals and vegetables 
are nourished. The diet of the animal has been 
studied so that by considering its natural trend 
and the desired result its growth is to a great extent 
guided by the experimenter. 

By studying and regulating the character of 
the soil and climatic conditions, flowers and vege- 
tables have been brought to perfection. The useful 
has been made more so, and the flower lacking in 
scent and beauty has been given both. 



Vitality 21 

These results have been accomplished during 
the growing period. It was possible by experiment 
to introduce elements that would cause stimulation 
of the desired functions in the plant or animal, 
bringing about a redistribution of elements that 
make for greater perfection. 

If such things can be accomplished with animal 
and vegetable life, it would appear worthy of sug- 
gestion that there is a big field for research and 
experimentation in relation to the human race 
that a more uniformly successful people may 
develop. 



CHAPTER III 

REFLECTIVE ABILITY 

Reflective ability as it is used here means the 
power of directed thought which provides the 
equipment for concrete and abstract reasoning, 
foresight, imagination, psychic knowledge of 
human nature, intuition, memory, mind for se- 
quence, creation, high ideals, sensitiveness, 
planning ability, memory for events and locations, 
originality, enthusiasm, humor, sympathy, emo- 
tional activity, adaptability, resourcefulness, in- 
spirational ability, responsiveness and subtlety of 
mind. In all but the following six cases, viz., 
concrete and abstract reasoning, foresight, memory, 
mind for sequence, and subtlety of mind, the re- 
flective faculties are used with but little direction 
of the perceptive or conscious thinking mind; but 
in these last mentioned qualities perceptive ability 
plays an important part. The highest type of 
reflective ability will be found with fine balanced 
quality as indicated by keen nervous organism, 

22 




<ii v j*tC*U' 



A well balanced face. All the features indicate 6ne quality and keen sensi- 
bilities in combination with a fantastic imagination. 



Reflective Ability 23 

good structures throughout the face, muscle struc- 
tures elastic and not hard or flabby, cartilages of 
the ear and nose not transparent but solid in ap- 
pearance and well formed, nape line of the neck 
well marked, head well proportioned in accordance 
with all the rules of balanced head structure, high, 
full, well-rounded forehead, not smooth but having 
many uneven surfaces indicating that the muscles 
of the upper forehead have been used. This fore- 
head should be wide in the upper third from side 
to side, but rounded and not square. 

Where concrete and abstract reasoning, foresight, 
memory, mind for sequence and subtlety of mind 
are mentioned, as they require the use of the per- 
ceptive ability in conjunction with reflective ability, 
one must take into consideration the structures 
mentioned under perceptive ability. Where the 
qualities that do not require much direction by 
perceptive ability are in question, the perceptive 
region or the lower third of the forehead will not 
be strongly developed; the brow will not be much 
compressed; the eye will be medium to prominent 
in its position; the structures around the eye will 
not be greatly developed; the nose section will be 
the short third of the face and it will tend to be 
sunken at the root or else very light in structure; 
the mouth will not be strongly compressed, and the 



24 Character Qualities Outlined 

cheeks will tend to be rounded, with the lips full 
and soft and moist in texture; the jaw line will not 
be definitely marked, and it will be evident that 
the assimilative and secretory systems are more 
than ordinarily active. The quality of the subject 
with the highest type of reflective ability will 
tend to be fine. 

REFLECTIVE QUALITIES 

Concrete Reasoning. 

Concrete reasoning requires good reflective abil- 
ity, but close direction of the reflective faculties 
by the perceptive qualities located in the center 
of the brow, which are the most closely related to 
vision, as the reflection is strictly based upon things 
immediately before the eye and has the advantage 
of something concrete to hold the mind to its 
reasoning processes. 

Concrete reasoning brings the perceptives to 
bear first, which may be termed a prerequisite to 
the activity of the reflective faculties, but is wholly 
dependent upon the reflective ability to work out 
the conclusion. 

For the particular indications of concrete reason- 
ing, aside from the greater or lesser number of the 
indications under reflective and perceptive ability, 
we shall find that the brow tends to be medium 



Reflective Ability 25 

broad rather than broad; that the outer corners of 
the brows will often recede from a horizontal line 
from the center of the brow; the brows will tend to 
be contracted in the center, drawing down more 
strongly immediately at the inner corners than at 
any other part of the brows, and the outer corners 
of the brow will often be thrown slightly backward, 
although not always, although the line from the 
outer corners of the brow to the inner corners will 
always point downward toward the center. The 
muscle structures will tend to be hard rather than 
elastic, and the quality will tend to be from medium 
to coarse. 

Abstract Reasoning. 

Abstract reasoning is an uncommon quality in 
that it originates in the perceptive mind, but the 
process is nearly wholly a reflective one and re- 
quires an unusual degree of concentration of mind 
to hold the reasoning in channels that will lead to 
a conclusion. It is the broadest type of reasoning 
and is developed from concrete reasoning, and 
those who reason best in the abstract must have 
the power to visualize vividly the thing reasoned 
about. The mind must be logical, have the power 
of sequence, fine judgment of values and strong 
development of orderliness and justice of thought. 



26 Character Qualities Outlined 

The structures of the qualities italicized should be 
studied, but the particular indications of this 
quality are as follows: a fine development of the 
outer corners of the upper forehead. In other 
words, the forehead in the upper third should be 
particularly well formed, making it relatively 
broad in its structure, but the head should be of 
medium width and height, rather than extreme, 
the upper outer corners coming well to the front, 
but without angles. Where abstract thought is 
strongly present there will be a development of 
two raised surfaces just inside the outer limits of 
the upper forehead, one on each side. There will 
also be an unusual compression in the outer corners 
of the brow, which brow will be full and prominent 
on the outer corners as well as upon the inner 
corners. There will be particular brightness of 
eye and skin, and good elastic muscle structures, 
indicating vitality, as abstract reasoning requires a 
more than ordinary degree of mental alertness, the 
conscious thinking powers must be in fine working 
harmony with the reflective side. This power 
particularly requires a balanced degree of quality. 

Foresight. 

Foresight is the ability to foresee conditions and 
happenings, and is based upon knowledge ac- 




Henry II of France. 

This brow, combined with the eye and mouth of temper, will indicate the 
mind of erratic judgment. A fine imaginative and creative mind. 



Reflective Ability 27 

quired through similar conditions and happenings 
that have already gone before. Foresight must 
include a mind for sequence, good logical mind, 
memory for events, judgment of values, self-confidence 
to give reliance upon the judgments, and imagina- 
tion. Foresight is the quality of a well trained 
mind, and requires a nice development of the per- 
ceptive and reflective minds. 

Imagination. 

Imagination in itself is the ability to get many 
different ideas in relation to everything, the in- 
spiration coming either from within or from with- 
out. It is the ability to build mental pictures, 
either possible or impossible of realization. So 
long as it is in the imagination it is a vision, not an 
actuality. 

The structures indicating imagination will in- 
clude those under the head of emotional activity. 
Where one is nearly wholly imaginative the upper 
third of the forehead will overhang considerably 
the lower third of the forehead. The brows will be 
thrown back; there will be practically no percep- 
tive development; the eye will be particularly 
prominent, and the nostril will be dilated. The 
imagination must be accompanied by good inherent 
quality, or the reflective powers will lack vitality 



28 Character Qualities Outlined 

and the structures will indicate emotionalism, as a 
result of over-active body, instead of imagination, 
and then there will be a tendency toward dull 
mentality instead of a vivid imagination 



Psychic Knowledge of Human Nature. 

This quality is in truth an intuitive thing, and 
arises greatly from strong bodily reactions. It is 
usually found with strong emotional activity, in 
combination with good sensitiveness, and is not 
found where the conscious thinking powers are too 
definitely in control. For this quality to be a 
usable thing there must be enough of perceptive 
development to enable one to at least recognize 
the character of the impressions received in contact 
with the person judged. There are no particular 
structures indicating this quality as aside from 
those of emotional activity and sensitiveness. 

Recipient Mind. 

The recipient mind receives the thoughts of 
others without expressed word on the part of the 
one giving the thought. It requires the passive 
type of mind, as great perceptive activity would 
preclude the possibility that the directed thought 
of another could reach the subconscious side. In 



Reflective Ability 29 

other words, where the mind is busy in directing 
its own thoughts it is not open to receive the 
thoughts of others. A telegrapher's machine can- 
not both send a message and receive it at the same 
time over the same wire. 

The structures of emotional activity will be 
present, and the particular structures for the 
strongly recipient type will be full reflective fore- 
head, the brows thrown back, the eye particularly 
prominent, pale in coloring, with a surface liquid 
appearance, the nostril will be finely cut and often 
dilated, and generally an unformed condition of 
the features of the face. There must be a fine 
degree of acute sensitiveness present, and also fine 
quality. Where action or expression of the 
thoughts received is required from the recipient 
type it must be the passive type of mind with a 
reasonable amount of perceptive development to 
give the power of expression. There must not be 
irritability or petulance present in the recipient 
type, as irritability will have the same effect as 
perceptive activity. 

Intuition. 

Intuition is probably a quality of mind, as com- 
pared with instinct which animals possess and 
which apparently arises from the physical. This 



30 Character Qualities Outlined 

quality gives one the power of premonition, the 
knowing a thing instantly without apparently any 
conscious or subconscious mental process, and is 
usually exercised in relation to a judgment. As it 
is a quality of mind, but apparently operates 
without the exercise of conscious mental effort, it 
will be found with the keenly alert and active 
nervous organism, with fine sensitiveness, and with 
strongly reflective mind as well as good perceptive 
development. There must be an unusually fine 
balance between the reflective and the perceptive 
minds for intuitive judgment to be brought into 
play. It arises in the reflective mind, and the per- 
ceptive mind must not be so greatly concentrated 
and constantly active as to prevent the intui- 
tion finding expression through the perceptive 
mind. 

The muscle structures of the brow should be well 
developed and more than ordinarily flexible. The 
eye must be deep, full and clear, the ear and nose 
cartilages should be of unusually fine quality, and 
the nostril particularly sensitive. The mouth 
should show keen sensitiveness of expression in its 
muscle development. These structures in con- 
junction with those showing sensitiveness and good 
reflective and perceptive development, will complete 
the picture. 



Reflective Ability 31 

Memory. 

Memory is of two types: that which has to do 
with taking the substance of things and storing it 
without the inquiring mind, which is nearly wholly 
a reflective process ; and the other type of memory 
which arises from perception, or paying attention 
to particular things, and storing the knowledge 
logically as the result of having already analyzed 
it as acquired. 

The first type of memory in its best degree is 
found with the high reflective forehead, but only 
sufficient of perceptive development to indicate 
the good mind. This type of mind is more often 
found with light coloring, with good, full eye, 
medium deep set, indicating controlled emotional- 
ism, which would be natural to the type, and fine 
face structures throughout, indicating high degree 
of inherent quality and active nervous sensibilities. 

The other type of memory will be found where 
there is a nice reflective development but the per- 
ceptive development is the stronger, with good 
compressed brow throughout its full width, well 
drawn down on the outer corners, the brow stand- 
ing out some distance beyond the upper third 
of the forehead, and drawn down close to the 
eye, the eye almond-shaped, deep-seated, full and 
clear, with deep transparency and alertness; the 



32 Character Qualities Outlined 

rim line of the upper lid drooping about one-third 
over the eyeball; well formed, medium heavy- 
expanded nose; long upper lip; cheeks medium full; 
lips well compressed, with all the indications of 
intensity present, which quality should be also 
taken into consideration. 

This type of memory is usually found with the 
dark coloring, which indicates the tendency to 
dwell for a longer period on the thing to be re- 
membered. 

Creative Ability. 

Creative ability brings to bear initiative and 
originality, which are qualities of a good reflective 
mind, and it requires good perception to draw a 
line between the practical thing that can be capi- 
talized and the thing which is wholly theoretical. 
Creative ability results in being able to attain the 
desired end in original ways. 

The structures which indicate this quality will be 
a particularly full but compact upper forehead, 
well rounded on all extremities, high back crown, 
leaving the brow, which should be prominent, with 
a reasonably quick curve. 

The structures for good perceptive development 
must be considered, as creation means not only 
the thinking of a thing, but actually doing it. The 




Wren. 

Great sensitiveness and active emotion are seen in the eye, the nose and the mouth. 
There is fine quality in all the features and a fine creative imagination evident in the 
brow and eye. 



Reflective Ability 33 

lower face must show action. The character of the 
creative ability will be indicated by the structures. 
If the upper third of the forehead is rather full and 
indications of emotional activity are present, the 
creative ability will tend in the direction of the 
artistic and the non-essential type of creation. If 
the lower third of the forehead is the more promi- 
nent, in conjunction with a high but rather rapidly 
receding forehead, the creative ability will tend 
more in the direction of inventive quality of things 
which are performed by the hands in conjunction 
with the head. The character of the thing created 
will be regulated somewhat by the fineness or 
coarseness of the quality of the person under con- 
sideration. Where the mentality is the dominating 
quality it will tend in the direction of, for instance, 
formulas in chemistry. Where the quality is coarse 
it will tend wholly in the direction of mechanical 
invention. Where the head is broad and caution 
is strongly evident, in conjunction with balanced 
quality, the creative tendencies will find their 
outlet through organization and combinations in 
financial fields. 

Planning Ability. 

Planning ability means a tendency to conduct 
oneself with a set purpose for the accomplishment 



34 Character Qualities Outlined 

of a set end or ends, either by arranging to syste- 
matically direct one's daily and weekly efforts or the 
efforts of others. It requires more of practicality 
applied and of perceptive development, than does 
creative ability. 

The structures of practicality and perceptive 
development must be taken into consideration in 
addition to a medium full upper third of the fore- 
head, indicating good reflective ability, but not to 
the extent of vivid imagination or to the extent of 
real creative ability. To have really good planning 
•ability the structures must show definiteness in 
the character, and good mechanical or scientific 
ability and logic. 

Mind for Sequence. 

A mind for sequence gives one the ability to 
correlate many different happenings of different 
periods and their results for the purpose of drawing 
a conclusion. It is also the outgrowth of logic and 
enables one to give a lengthy discourse without 
leaving any unfinished ends, as this type of mind 
will invariably return to any point of the discussion 
which in its opinion has not been completely 
covered. 

Mind for sequence is evident in a nice full de- 
velopment in the center of the forehead in the 



Reflective Ability 35 

middle third, as mind for sequence requires a good 
memory for events and happenings, properly pigeon- 
holed by a logical mind. The structures for these 
qualities should be looked for. It also requires a 
mind that is broad in its perceptive development, 
orderly in its conception, and in spite of being 
broad in its reasoning abilities, has the faculty of 
handling a large amount of detail and a mind which 
will always build the larger things out of details. 
Therefore it must have all the indications for logic, 
the fineness of quality which goes with the scientific 
mind, and the indications of orderliness and justice 
of thought, with constructive ability of a high type 
or power of organization. The eye must be deep- 
seated. 

Memory for Events. 

A memory for events and happenings is neither 
wholly a reflective or a perceptive quality, and in a 
sense it partakes of both and is evidenced by de- 
velopment of the middle third of the forehead 
between the perceptive and the reflective regions. 
This quality is sometimes the strongest of all the 
reflective and perceptive qualities in the subject. 
It usually is found with the eye that visualizes 
things in general instead of in detail — the eye that 
is medium prominent and which shows quite a 



36 Character Qualities Outlined 

degree of the emotional side, but not excessive, often 
light in coloring. This quality may be present 
without any of the broader perceptive development 
and will then be a nearly wholly subconscious thing. 

Memory for Locations. 

Memory for locations and contours enables one 
to go directly to a place without apparently having 
observed, if in a city, the street and house number. 
When in the country such a one is able to sense the 
direction and the road to a certain place. The 
memory for contours gives one the ability to visual- 
ize the topography of land, etc., and have a mental 
picture of the way in which the country lies, and 
is, of course, a part of the quality of memory for 
locations. This quality is closely related to the 
power of observation, but is not the characteristic 
of the logical mind, as the outer corners of the brow 
are usually not developed, nor is the upper fore- 
head full enough for a good reflective mind; nor 
will the quality of the subject be fine enough to 
imply a scientific and logical mind. The particular 
structure indicating this quality is, decided fullness 
in the center of the forehead in the middle third, 
with quite a deep-seated eye, but of an emotional 
type. Apparently the brow is built in and com- 
pressed much more in the center than on the outer 



Reflective Ability 37 

corners which gives the impression of a naturally 
deep-seated eye. The inherent quality of the 
subject will tend to be medium to coarse, and 
seldom fine. He will have the desire for outdoor 
life, and will not like anything that has to do with 
details. 

Originality. 

Originality is the ability to create in a way not 
thought of by others and contrary to the usual 
manner, the seeing and attacking things from a 
different viewpoint than the usual. 

Originality will be evidenced in a high upper 
forehead, particularly full on the upper outer 
corners, but not square, and with emotional activity 
to a medium degree present, with a minor degree 
of intensity which will result in brow compression 
to give the degree of action, resulting in not only 
thinking original things, but doing them. The 
quality of the subject should be at least medium, 
but should not be exceedingly fine. There must 
be a good degree of sensitiveness present, indicated 
by nervous alertness. 

Enthusiasm. 

Enthusiasm is the quality which results in at- 
tacking every problem with energy and buoyancy, 



38 Character Qualities Outlined 

the feeling of confidence, at least for the time being, 
that nothing can withstand the attack, feeling 
certain of accomplishing the purpose. There may- 
be sustained enthusiasms or enthusiasms that are 
short-lived. Sustained enthusiasm will be found 
with the intense nature, and the structures for 
intensity should be referred to. The short-lived, 
changeable enthusiasms will be found with emo- 
tional activity, and the structures for emotional 
activity should be referred to. A full-blooded 
condition showing active circulation, with elastic 
muscles, with energy and breadth shown by well 
developed expanded brow, nose, and mouth struc- 
tures, and high chest, with good lung capacity are 
all essential to enthusiasm. 

Humor. 

Humor results in seeing things which have both 
a ridiculous and serious standpoint, from the funny 
side. Humor is one of the qualities of emotional 
activity, and this structure should be studied. 
The upper forehead is always particularly full 
throughout its whole width. The instinctive and 
intuitive side must be keenly alert, the nervous or- 
ganism must be well balanced, and irritability 
should not have crept in as a result of overtaxing 
of the nerve side. The subject should be particu- 



Henry Fussile 

A large degree of sensitiveness in the nostril 
and lips. 



The "sense" type well developed. Kindly of 
heart, with good degree of decision and action. 



Reflective Ability 39 

larly full-blooded, elastic of muscle, and of good 
quality throughout. The development of the 
muscle bordering the rim of the lower lid, showing 
active sense excitability, should be evident. 

High Ideals. 

Having high ideals does not necessarily mean 
that the subject is particularly conscientious, as one 
may have high ideals — and often does — but fails 
to live up to them. The whole crown of the head 
will be full, including the center of the upper third 
of the forehead, as high ideals are part of the moral 
side and are often inspired by the imagination. 
Enthusiasm for spiritual things is the basis of high 
ideals, and the structures and conditions for en- 
thusiasm as well as imagination should be taken 
into consideration. Where the structures for high 
ideals are in combination with those of conscien- 
tiousness, the ideals will be lived up to. The quality 
must be fine. 

Sensitiveness. 

Sensitiveness is an aliveness to the values of all 
sense perceptions, and gives a keen sense of atmos- 
phere created as a result of associations and 
environment. Sensitiveness is the ability to feel 
acutely. In outlining this quality the admir- 
able degree will be first described, and secondly 



40 Character Qualities Outlined 

the structures which indicate super-sensitiveness. 

The mere word "sensitiveness" predicates the 
idea of fineness of brain and nerve organism. It 
will be found in those of medium to fine quality 
indicated by well-defined nape line to the neck, 
tending to be rather high up; full upper back head; 
fullness in upper top head; ear and nose cartilages 
fine in their texture, not transparent but tending 
in this direction, the nostril unusually finely cut, 
running to the point of the nose; the upper lip 
medium to short in length; the lips compressed to 
only a medium degree, tending to be medium thick 
in structure rather than full or very thin; the whole 
face indicating alertness and power of expression 
in flexibility of muscle structures. Blood condi- 
tions should be normal, with no indication of 
excessive heart action or a weakened condition. 
Particular attention and study should be given to 
the quality of the subject in determining the pres- 
ence of this characteristic. 

Where super-sensitiveness is found, the emotional 
and imaginative sides will be more active, and there 
will be a lack of self-confidence, and these structures 
should be taken into consideration. In this case 
the development of the region around the eye 
should indicate that the perceptives have been 
quite strongly developed, although contrary to 



Reflective Ability 41 

type, but not much compressed or full on the outer 
corners. All the indications of emotional irritability 
will be present, and structures indicating this 
should be taken into consideration. Where emo- 
tional irritability is present it is usually the result 
of a retarded transmission of the sense impression 
from the extremity to the sense center, and as a 
result of the irritability an abnormal viewpoint is 
taken. The coloring will always be medium to light. 

Sympathy. 

Sympathy is a quality which results in a feeling 
of tenderness toward one whose position, either 
mental or physical, would inspire pity. Sympathy 
in a sense results in one feeling in a lesser degree 
the same responses which are active in the one to 
whom the sympathy is extended. The structures 
indicating sympathy will be emotional activity, 
imagination, fine quality throughout, particularly 
active nervous organism, very active heart and 
lungs shown by alertness and healthy color, but 
the sense or emotional side more active than the 
intense; and the structures for these qualities 
should be examined. 

Emotional Activity. 

The degree of activity of responsiveness of the 
individual to a play upon the feelings, whether it 



42 Character Qualities Outlined 

be from pain, pleasure , sorrow, sensation or imagina- 
tion, must be judged by the number and definiteness 
of the indications. Imagination is necessary to the 
higher emotions, so the upper forehead will be full 
and high, the brow will not be heavily compressed, 
the eye will usually be light in color, and medium 
to prominent and full in size and structure, with a 
surface transparency. The muscle beneath the 
rim line of the lower lid will be prominent, and 
there will often be a fullness extending down from 
this cordlike muscle toward the cheek. The nostril 
will be dilated or expanded, showing good breath- 
ing power and active emotion. The mouth will 
have full, moist lips of velvety texture, but slightly 
compressed, the corners as far forward as the 
middle. The chin and cheeks will be full to rounded, 
showing active lymphatic and secretory systems. 
All the features of the face will tend to be large. 
The subject will have good skin color, tending to 
red, indicating full-blooded condition and active 
heart. 

Where the forehead is low and imagination is 
lacking, only emotions of the grosser sort will be 
found active. Women are always more emotional 
than men because their emotional centers are more 
widely distributed and kept more active. 

Lack of emotional activity, or coldness, will be 



Reflective Ability 43 

found where the subject is deficient in back head 
structure; head narrow, rather small eye, not 
covered by the lid, with undeveloped surrounding 
structure, medium round and deep-seated, but 
lacking in deep transparency, with a rather dead 
appearance; nose narrow in structure all the way 
from root to base, with nostrils contracted, drawn 
close to the septum of the nose, indicating poor 
breathing capacity; mouth with lips thin in forma- 
tion and contracted (drawn toward the center); 
narrow chin and jaw, lacking in either muscle or 
flesh development; cheeks flat or hollow, showing 
poor assimilation, and lack of activity of the 
secretory systems, and skin pale or sallow, indicat- 
ing poor circulation and heart action. 

Adaptability. 

Adaptability enables one to quickly fit oneself 
into any location or association, to quickly feel at 
ease in the surroundings. It takes breadth of 
character, full blood conditions, medium to light 
coloring, active secretory and assimilative systems 
indicated by full flesh structures, and there should 
not be enough of tenacity, perseverance and endur- 
ance to result in one being set in his ways. The 
muscles should be elastic, not hard. The ex- 
treme of this quality results in indefiniteness and 



44 Character Qualities Outlined 

makes one too much subject to the influence of 
others. 

Resourcefulness. 

Resourcefulness gives one the ability to find a 
way out, whether the manner be original or simply 
applying an old way in doing or saying a new thing. 
It requires originality, responsiveness, with quick 
concentration and decision on minor things, good 
power of expression with a good degree of both 
mental decision and decisiveness of action, with alert- 
ness of both qualities. All these structures should 
be taken into consideration. 

v 
Inspirational Ability. 

Inspirational ability gives one the power to 
develop within himself such extreme enthusiasm 
that it appeals to a listener as almost supernatural 
in its strength. It is ability to make others feel 
and see things from the same viewpoint and with 
almost equal enthusiasm. Inspirational ability 
must of necessity result from a large amount of 
enthusiasm held in control by a reasonably emo- 
tional as well as a decidedly intense nature; the 
earnestness of sincerity must be present, it must 
include self-confidence in its expression, and re- 
quires imagination to multiply sense impressions 




Mercier. 
The alert eye of observation, with keen perceptions. Full side head in- 
dicates fine constructive ability. Mouth not greatly compressed shows 
strong sociability. 



Reflective Ability 45 

to the point of inspiration. There must be active 
sensibilities with sensitiveness, and medium to fine 
quality with a fair degree of concentration of mind 
and body. Therefore the formation for this quality 
will include all of the above structures, and they 
should be taken into consideration. 

Responsiveness. 

Responsiveness results in one being easily in- 
fluenced by others, yielding quickly to the mood 
of others. The structures for sympathy, emotional 
activity and physical courage should be considered. 
The extreme of responsiveness will be found where 
there is more than ordinary full-bloodedness, with 
particularly rapid heart action, or even a heart 
that is over-rapid in its pulsation as a result of 
weakness, which would be indicated in the develop- 
ment of a puff, which is bright red, immediately 
above the cheekbone. A lesser degree of respon- 
siveness will be shown in the normally emotional 
type where irritability is not greatly present. It 
can only be found where the brow, the nose in its 
full length, and the mouth are compressed and 
expanded, and where the cheeks are reasonably 
full, showing active assimilative and secretory 
systems. 



CHAPTER IV 

PERCEPTIVE ABILITY 

The perceptive ability as used here includes all 
of the perceptive faculties which are built in as a 
result of sense records and conscious thinking. The 
subject may be naturally inclined to development 
of perceptive faculties, or quite the opposite, but 
the use of them is only acquired by effort, whereas 
reflective ability is inherent. wVside from the quali- 
ties already mentioned under reflective ability as 
being the result of both perception and reflection, 
the following qualities are strictly the result of 
developed perceptive ability, viz. : judgment, men- 
tal alertness, power of observation, power of 
attention, practicality, judgment of values, logic, 
analytical mind, mental scope, inquiring mind, 
definiteness, detail mind, accuracy, criticism, sys- 
tem, conservatism, mental and bodily concentra- 
tion, visual memory, mental energy, discrimination, 
intensity, justice of thought, orderliness, con- 
scientiousness, control of desires, judgment of 
character. These qualities are all dependent for 

46 




MONCRIF. 

A well balanced face of keen perceptions and fine quality. 



Perceptive Ability 47 

heir outlet upon the development of perceptive 
Jbility; nevertheless they are not what may be 
ermed action qualities. 

Perceptive ability in its finest degree will be in- 
licated by large bone structures; elastic muscles; 
nedium coloring to give proper responsiveness; 
ine nervous organism; medium activity of the 
ssimilative, secretory and eliminative systems; 
11 of the indications of balanced head structure 
>resent; well-defined nape line to the neck; medium 
ullness of both lower and upper back head; 
nedium width of head through from ear to ear, 
)oth immediately above the ears as well as in the 
crown section; the head showing no angles in 
Ira wing a circle over the head from ear to ear; good 
3road brow immediately over the eyes, with the 
>uter corners of the brow as far forward as the 
center; brows not only compressed but giving 
evidence of fine muscular development both in the 
enter as well as throughout their whole width, the 
)uter corner of the brow being particularly well 
leveloped and well drawn down; the eyebrow close 
:o the eye with the rim line of the upper eyelid 
irooping a third over the eyeball, showing con- 
centration; deep-seated, full almond-shaped eye; 
the eye medium to large in size; good development 
)f the structures surrounding the eye, which will 



48 Character Qualities Outlined 

indicate compression and mental activity and not 
emotional development; good, active, full, ex- 
panded nose, expanded throughout its whole length 
as well as at the nostril, with point drawn down 
indicating compression; medium width to face and 
medium full cheeks with upper lip long; upper rim 
line of mouth compressed; lower rim line drawn up; 
mouth indicating the intense type as opposed to 
the "sense" type; ball of the chin drawn up and 
chin of medium width and muscular in structure; 
good, sharp jaw line, well curved from the tip of the 
chin to the ear, without definite, crude angle; chin 
plane to convex in structure; good medium heart 
action indicated by an even coloring throughout 
the face and not in patches, which would indicate 
over-energetic heart. The quality of the subject 
with the highest type of perceptive ability will 
tend to be medium. 

This describes the perfection of perceptive 
development, and where part of the structures 
considered differ from this description due weight 
must be given to the variance. 

PERCEPTIVE QUALITIES 

Subtlety of Mind. 

Subtlety of mind will give one the ability to see 
propositions from many angles, and savors of 



Perceptive Ability 49 

shrewdness and cunning and yet is a legitimate 
quality, whereas cunning is not. It enables one to 
circumvent another's purpose by appearing to 
desire and work toward a certain end, which in 
truth is not desired at all and whereas another 
entirely different end is the ultimate aim. 

The structures for this quality will be found in a 
full and broad brow, strongly compressed and 
particularly well developed upon the outer corners 

-in other words, the thinking mind broad in its 
conceptions. There will be a large degree of con- 
centration in the droop of the rim line of the upper 
eyelid one-third over the eyeball, and the eyebrow 
should be close to the eye itself, the eye almond in 
shape, deep-seated, and clear in its transparency. 

An exaggerated degree of subtlety of mind would 
result in degeneration into duplicity, cunning and 
treachery, and these structures should be considered. 

Judgment. 

Judgment is the ability to know whether one is 
right or wrong in both decision and action in all of 
one's daily problems. The structures indicating 
judgment will be a broad, prominent brow, fully 
developed throughout its whole width, with good 
development of muscle structures in the forehead, 
a nice development on the outer corners of the 



50 Character Qualities Outlined 

brow, showing justice of thought in conjunction 
with reasonably good reflective faculties with physi- 
cal courage to urge expression. The brow should 
be close to a medium-deep to deep-seated eye; the 
eye should be almond shaped; the rim line of the 
upper eyelid should be about one-third over the 
eye, indicating concentration; the nose should be 
expanded and the tip compressed; the upper lip 
should be long, the lips full and evenly compressed 
and expanded; the lower lip and ball of the chin 
drawn upward; the chin should be of good depth 
and breadth, but not heavy; the cheeks full but not 
indicating a large development of the secretory or 
assimilative side. The subject should be balanced 
in blood conditions — neither too full-blooded nor 
depleted; the muscle structure should be elas- 
tic, and the head structures should indicate 
balance. 

Mental Alertness. 

Mental alertness will result in one being able to 
transfer concentration quickly from one thing to 
another and to re-center concentration with equal 
quickness on the former object. In other words, 
it is being able to direct the mental forces with 
rapidity in any desired direction. The structures 
indicating this quality will be a strongly compressed 



Perceptive Ability 51 

brow throughout its full width, the outer corners 
heavily compressed, indicating orderliness of mind 
with a well-developed tipper forehead, indicating 
logic; an unusually full, deep-seated eye, with 
more than ordinary depth of clearness and trans- 
parency, with power of concentration indicated 
by the drooping of the rim line of the upper eyelid 
one-third over the eyeball. There will be strong 
muscular development in the center of the brow; 
the coloring will be medium to dark, indicating 
intensity and directness of action; the nose and 
mouth will be compressed and expanded, with long 
straight upper lip ; the lower lip and ball of the chin 
drawn upward, and sharp jaw line. The whole 
face will have the indication of intensity and alert- 
ness. This quality can be found where the upper 
third of the face is more strongly developed than 
the lower third. A balanced condition of the upper 
and lower face indicates that the mental alertness 
is supported by bodily action. 

Percipient Mind. 

The percipient mind is the one that projects the 
thoughts in such manner that they are accepted by 
the recipient mind without spoken words. The 
power to do this requires a high development of 
both reflective and perceptive power, with more 



52 Character Qualities Outlined 

than usual ability to visualize with intensity, the 
fulfillment of the thought which is projected. 
Therefore the structures in addition to fine reflec- 
tive and perceptive ability, with all the indications 
of a balanced type, will be the structures indicated 
by sensitiveness, abstract reasoning, visual ability, 
intensity and mental and bodily concentration, all of 
which must be present in high degree. The eye 
must be more than ordinarily deep-seated, full in 
its structure, with a deep brilliancy and alertness, 
with more than ordinary dilation of the pupil, and 
the quality must show fine nervous organism, elas- 
ticity of muscle and fine quality of nose and ear 
cartilages, skin and hair. 

Power of Observation. 

Power of observation is the ability to see and 
remember objects which come within the range of 
vision. The finest type of observation is found with 
the heavily compressed brow, with muscle structure 
strongly developed in the center, the brow drawn 
down close to the eye, the rim line of the upper 
eyelid about one-third over the eyeball, the inner 
corner of the eye being farther forward than the 
outer corner — the position something as the eye of 
the horse — the rim line of the lower lid also drawn 
upward, narrowing the portion of the eye-ball 




VOISIN. 

A fine evenly compressed and expanded brow, supported by the keenly 
observant and penetrating eye that accompanies the scientific mind. This 
is a face of very fine quality and remarkably developed throughout. 



Perceptive Ability 53 

which is visible; the eyeball full but deep-seated 
and almond shaped, with good development of the 
formations round the eye. Concentration will be 
present, so the color will tend to be medium to 
dark. 

Power of Attention. 

Attention indicates the ability to center the 
forces, both mental and physical, on the thing 
immediately in hand, to the utter disregard of all 
extraneous matters. The structures indicating this 
quality will be those under the power of observation 
and mental alertness, concentration and intensity, 
and the structures covering these qualities should 
be considered. 

Practicality. 

Practicality results in one's attention and per- 
formance being centered always and only upon 
things that are certain of accomplishment and 
which preclude the idea of chance. The structures 
indicating this quality are a particularly compact 
upper forehead, tending toward squareness at the 
outer corners, the forehead only medium high and 
tending to be narrow from side to side. The 
temple will tend to be sunken; the brow will tend 
to be narrow, strongly compressed, bony as well as 
muscular in structure; the eyes tending to be small 



54 Character Qualities Outlined 

rather than full, and sunken rather than deep- 
seated. Practicality tends to be the result of a 
negative personality rather than a positive one. 
The subject will not be full-blooded, and there will 
be strong bone structures. The muscle structures 
will tend to be hard rather than elastic. Quality 
may be coarse or fine. 

Judgment of Values. 

This quality gives one the ability to particularly 
weigh relative values, either tangible or intangible, 
such as weight, size, form and color; the intangible 
values being rights as between people and esthetic 
values in relation to art, music and literature. The 
judgment of tangible things requires fine powers of 
observation, mental alertness and reflective ability all 
well developed. Judgment of tangible values is 
indicated by a tendency toward medium rather 
than fine quality, and structures for these qualities 
should be considered. Judgment of intangible 
values will be found with one of good reflective 
mind, a nice development of the brow structures, 
but the eye in this case will give evidence of there 
being more emotionalism present than intensity. 
There will be fine quality in all the structures, 
indicating sensitiveness. Decision in minor matters 
will be present. 



Perceptive Ability 55 

Logic. 

Logic is a quality which enables one to analyze 
a problem containing many different angles, in 
related sequence to a correct conclusion. A correct 
conclusion can only be had if the reasoning is based 
upon a correct premise, and such a premise is 
dependent upon the development of accurate 
judgment working in developed harmony of opera- 
tion with good alert reflective faculties. Logic is a 
quality of the high type of mind, and therefore good 
quality must be present. A good balance of physi- 
cal strength is necessary to give the alertness of 
mind and sustain the concentration required. 
Therefore structures for good reflective and percep- 
tive forehead, for concentration, mental alertness and 
physical strength, should all be taken into considera- 
tion in judging this quality. In addition to a broad , 
perceptive, muscular brow, strongly developed 
throughout its whole width and particularly full 
and drawn down on the outer corners, there should 
be a good, high forehead which is compact in its 
structures, full on the outer corners but particularly 
well rounded, showing the development of raised 
surfaces upon the upper third of the forehead, in- 
dicating that the muscles of the upper forehead 
have been constantly tensed and then relaxed, 
drawing the blood to this part of the head. This 



56 Character Qualities Outlined 

forehead and brow should be in combination with 
good, deep-seated, clear eye, with the indications 
of concentration of mind present. 

Analytical Mind. 

The analytical mind has the ability to divide a 
problem or thing into its separate parts, weighing 
these parts as to value in coming to a decision or 
accomplishing a desired purpose. This quality is 
a considerably narrower quality than logic, as logic 
includes the power of analysis, and analysis may 
be accomplished by either the alert or the slow 
moving mind and is not so dependent upon quality 
as is logic, although the highest type of analytical 
mind must be associated with fine quality. There 
must be even development of perceptive brow, with 
good reflective mind if the analysis is to be applied 
to intangible things. If it is to be applied to 
material things, concrete analysis is brought to 
bear, and the brows are usually drawn down and 
developed more strongly in the center than on the 
outer corners. It does not require as high a type 
of analysis to analyze the material and tangible 
thing as it does to analyze the intangible, where 
abstract thought must be used. 

The structures for the reflective and perceptive mind, 
also concentration and observation must be considered. 




O. Heidegger. 

Fine side head development in one of such good quality indicates powers 
of organization. The brow compression shows a scientific mind of high 
character. Brow, nose and mouth all indicate concentration and analysis. 
A fine illustration of compression and expansion of brow, nose and mouth. 



Perceptive Ability 57 

Mental Scope. 

Mental scope will give one a wide range of abili- 
ties which may or may not be definitely applied, 
and will give breadth of comprehension. 

It will require good reflective mind, good percep- 
tive mind, and good development and balance 
throughout all the head and face structures. 
The structures for these qualities should be 
considered. 

Inquiring Mind. 

An inquiring mind is one that reads and hears all 
information, submitting it to the censorship of his 
developed judgment and logic before accepting it. 
The structures indicating this type of mind will be 
a fair degree of logic, fair degree of analysis, with a 
large degree of mental alertness and vital energy in 
the whole make-up of the person. It must also 
include good powers of concentration, as it is neces- 
sary that concentration be applied and the forces 
centered if the quality of this type of mind is kept 
constantly in operation. This mind also requires 
quite a degree of intensity in its reactions. The 
structures showing this type of mind will be a well 
formed upper forehead, compact in form and not 
exceedingly high or full, good development of a 
muscular lower forehead. The forehead need not 



58 Character Qualities Outlined 

be exceedingly broad at the brows but should be 
well compressed on the outer corners. It must be 
accompanied by deep, clear eye, well formed and 
alert, with the brow drawn down close to the eye. 
The nostrils should be sharply cut, the mouth 
compressed. This type of mind is usually found 
with medium to dark coloring, and with medium 
to fine quality. 

Definiteness. 

One who is definite knows at all times just what 
he will say and do, and does and says things with 
precision. Definiteness may be broad in its calibre, 
or narrow. Definiteness in the broad type will be 
shown in a good mind for analysis, good judgment 
of values, good development of the muscle struc- 
tures throughout both face and body, which should 
be from elastic to hard ; bone structure from medium 
to heavy, coloring medium to dark to give in- 
tensity of application. These structures should be 
considered. 

In the narrow type of definiteness there will be 
cramped structures of head and face throughout. 
The nape line of the neck will be high; upper back 
top head compressed; rather cramped upper fore- 
head; sunken temple, narrow across the brow from 
side to side but very definitely compressed; and 



Perceptive Ability 59 

eyebrow close to the eye, which will be sunken 
rather than deep-seated and will not have the 
clearness or alertness of the other type of definite- 
ness. The eyes will possibly be a little close to- 
gether. The bone structures will be strong, the 
muscle structures hard rather than elastic; the 
cheeks tend to be hollow and sunken ; skin coloring 
dark to sallow, often indicating imperfect elimina- 
tion, with the brow, nose and mouth tending to 
be contracted. 

Mind for Detail. 

The mind for detail is one that naturally tends in 
the direction of small things, and really enjoys the 
handling of them. This type of mind requires 
more than ordinary conscientiousness and great 
definiteness, and the structures described as cover- 
ing definiteness of the narrow type should be 
considered in this. The upper forehead in a detail 
mind is particularly cramped, as is the entire 
structure of both the upper and lower forehead, and 
as a general thing there will be somewhat of irri- 
tability present as people of this nature become 
over-fussy in relation to the placing of material 
things and the way in which things are done. They 
also fail in being able to command others as they 
are so particular in relation to the way in which 



60 Character Qualities Outlined 

things are done that they cannot trust others to do 
them with equal particularity. This is the extreme 
type of detail mind. Any mind that is really ana- 
lytical and inquiring in nature will have capacity for 
details but will also have the broader capacities of 
these other qualities. Structures for analysis and 
the inquiring mind should be considered. 

Accuracy. 

Accuracy requires that one be particularly defi- 
nite in all that one says or does. Accuracy may 
be found in the same structures as the detail mind 
and definiteness. In the mind of broader scope 
accuracy will be found in the structures of logic 
and analysis combined with decisiveness of action. 

Criticism. i 

Criticism is a quality that results in a tendency 
to raise a question in relation to every action, word 
or thing with which one is brought in contact. 
Criticism is the result of having a mind not deep 
enough to analyze or at least not caring to, but with 
an irritable urge toward fault-finding. It bespeaks 
the one who is somewhat egotistical in that he thinks 
he knows better about things than others and that 
he has the judgment to criticize. Criticism is the 
quickly spoken word, without any deliberation or 



Perceptive Ability 61 

thought. Criticism usually tends to be destructive 
rather than constructive. 

The structures indicating this quality are usually 
the rather full upper forehead and perceptives that 
are either relaxed or only mildly compressed; light 
muscle structures, with a tendency toward many 
wrinkles between the brows, indicating the thin- 
skinned condition; eyes that are reasonably promi- 
nent ; brows not compressed on the outer corners, a 
development of bagginess in the outer corners of 
the lids; full-blooded condition and a full develop- 
ment of the assimilative and secretory systems 
indicated by full flesh growth. It is always found 
in one of an emotional nature, and the structures 
for emotionalism should be considered, as well as 
the structures for emotional irritability, as irritabil- 
ity is at the bottom of criticism. 

The rare ability and desire to give constructive 
criticism is the outcome of an inquiring mind and a 
mind for analysis. 

This quality of criticism will be stimulated by 
great nervous and mental alertness with the intense 
type in combination with enough emotional activity 
held in check to give the urge to inquire and the 
responsiveness and good nature to desire to help 
others. This characteristic is always found with 
medium to fine quality. 



62 Character Qualities Outlined 

System. 

System requires that one shall speak every word 
and perform each act as part of a definitely ar- 
ranged plan for the accomplishment of a purpose. 

The structures indicating system will be those 
indicating definiteness, logic and analysis, planning 
ability, with decision of mind and action; and these 
structures should be considered. The essentials 
are good reflective and perceptive ability with a 
fine development and compression of the outer 
corner of the brows, indicating orderliness. 

Conservatism. 

Conservatism, as used here, is a quality which 
results in dismissing all propositions suggested 
without consideration and with a settled habit of 
not considering such propositions — not caring to 
learn whether they have merit or not. It results 
in a physical contraction in meeting strangers 
where it is anticipated that they may present some 
proposition. This quality is the result of cramped 
mental functioning and a lack of physical develop- 
ment to warrant the expectation of successful 
combat, whether mental or physical. 

The structures will usually be those of the detail 
mind, and the particular structures will be the 
neck light in formation, very little head back of 



Perceptive Ability 63 

the ears, and the nape line of the neck decidedly 
high ; cramped upper forehead ; narrowness of brow 
from side to side; sunken temples; sunken rather 
than deep-seated eye, which is flat on the surface; 
contracted brow, nose and mouth, with thin muscle 
structures of the face, including thin lips; lower 
third of the face light in structure, with pointed 
chin indicating the lack of physical force; the 
cheeks will tend to be flat or sunken. The eyes will 
tend to be small and drawn close to the head; 
coloring will be sallow or anemic, showing lack of 
energy and poor elimination. The chest is likely 
to be flat. 

Visual Memory. 

Visual memory is the ability to call to the mind's 
eye a mental picture of the thing that has been seen 
but is not at the time within the range of vision. 
There are two types of visual memory. One gives 
a detailed picture. It sees the detail first and 
broadens the scope of vision, including many 
things. It visualizes all things seen in a sharp, 
accurate picture. The other type visualizes in the 
general rather than the particular. It sees the 
larger thing first and reasons from the larger thing 
to the detail. 

The first is the eye which accompanies the 



64 Character Qualities Outlined 

scientific mind. It requires good reflective ability, 
but particularly broad; definitely compressed brows 
with eyebrow close to the eye; the eye deep-seated, 
full in structure, almond shaped, with the rim line 
of the upper lid drooping one-third over the eye- 
ball, indicating a large degree of mental concentra- 
tion. There must be clearness and brightness of 
the eye, indicating health and alertness of mind. 
The eye will have all the indications of the strictly 
observant eye, which additional structures may be 
considered. 

The eye that visualizes generally is medium 
prominent, with the structures of emotional activity 
present, which should be considered. There must 
be a fair compression of the brow, and the emo- 
tional eye must have fully developed structures 
surrounding it, indicating that compression has 
been brought to bear; otherwise there will not be 
enough of concentration to get even a general 
visual picture. Both types of visual ability will 
be found in company with balanced quality rather 
than coarse or fine. 

Mental Energy. 

Mental energy as aside from mental alertness 
indicates the ability for sustained mental alertness. 
The indications for mental alertness should be con- 




Benjamin West. 

A splendid illustration of fine quality, well developed. Concentration 
is shown in the compression and expansion of the brow, and genius in the 
development around the eye. This face is compressed and expanded 
throughout. 



Perceptive Ability 65 

sidered, and in addition the bone and body hair 
structure and elastic muscle structure should be 
taken into consideration. The coloring must indi- 
cate good balanced blood conditions. Tenacity 
and intensity must also be present, and these struc- 
tures should be considered. 

Mental Concentration. 

Mental concentration is the ability to center the 
mind either for a short or long period on any 
particular thing or chain of thought. The finest 
degree of concentration is for a sustained period, 
the ability to follow a problem from its beginning 
to final analysis, without allowing the mind to 
wander into by-paths of thought or degenerating 
into meditation instead of a controlled and directed 
process of thought. Deep and prolonged concen- 
tration requires great physical energy and vitality. 
As concentration cannot be exercised for any 
length of time without bringing reflection into the 
process, the structures should consist of good re- 
flective forehead and finely developed "perceptive 
mind, with fine balance throughout. These struc- 
tures should be considered. There should be 
present all the indications of physical strength, viz., 
good bone structure, elastic muscle structure, 
heavy body hair growth, and good active circula- 



66 Character Qualities Outlined 

tion. The color indicating this condition is well 
distributed throughout all the flesh structures, 
which should include ear lobes, nostrils and lips. 
The coloring should be medium to dark, and the 
structures for intensity, tenacity and endurance 
should be considered. The particular structures 
are the heavily compressed, well muscled brow, 
the eye indicating concentration, which is the deep- 
seated eye, almond shaped, bright and clear, with 
the rim line of the upper lid compressed one-third 
over the eyeball; nose and mouth compressed and 
expanded, with the ball of the chin drawn upward. 
The quality will be from medium to fine. 

Another type of concentration is found in the 
emotional subject, and the structures for the 
emotional type should be considered. The brow 
will be quite heavily compressed, with a decided 
fullness between the rim of the upper eyelid and 
the brow extending the full width of the eye; the 
rim of the upper eyelid will be compressed about a 
third over the eye, which is medium to prominent. 
The color of the eye and skin will be medium to 
light, and the subject will tend to be full-blooded. 
This type of concentration will result in centering 
the mind quickly upon the thing to be analyzed 
for comparatively a second's duration; then quickly 
relax, and almost immediately again re-center 



Perceptive Abi ity 67 

upon the problem, repeating this many times until 
a conclusion is reached as the result of analysis. 
The emotionalism of the nature precludes the 
possibility of sustained concentration. This type 
will also have emotional irritability prominently 
evident, and structures for this quality should be 
considered. 

Bodily Concentration. 

Bodily concentration is the ability to center the 
body forces, not only in physical action, but to 
bring them into play in support of concentrated 
thought or forceful speech. Bodily concentration 
requires a keenly alert nervous organism, well 
developed elastic muscle structures throughout the 
face and body, well balanced circulatory system, 
and well balanced secretory, assimilative and 
eliminative functioning. In addition to these 
conditions the face will have more than ordinary 
compression and expansion throughout the brow, 
nose and mouth, and the features will tend 
to be large throughout. Every indication of bal- 
ance of mental quality as well as body structures 
will be present. The eye must be particularly 
clear, with fine powers of mental concentration, 
and although decidedly alert, deliberate in its 
movements. 



68 Character Qualities Outlined 

Discrimination. 

Discrimination is the ability to practically sense 
values as aside from exercising judgment in relation 
to them. Discrimination will be found where 
there is a more than ordinarily good development 
of sense perceptions; and fineness will be found 
throughout in all structures, including head, ears, 
eyes, nose and mouth, which will result in more 
than usual sensitiveness. This type will tend to be 
emotional rather than intense. See decision in 
minor matters. 

Justice of Thought. 

Justice of thought results in a desire to regard 
others' rights with fairness. It is the basis upon 
which is founded the judgment of right and wrong. 
This quality in its exaggerated sense will often 
result in one being over-particular in giving more 
than is the others' just due. The structures par- 
ticularly indicating this will be those of logic and 
definiteness, and the particular structure will be the 
breadth of the forehead from side to side with a 
decided compression and fullness of the outer 
corners of the brow. It will be found in its best 
development with the intense type rather than the 
emotional, as emotion brought to bear is likely to 
militate against absolute justice. The coloring 
should not show an over-degree of bile in the blood, 




This slanting but well rounded fore- 
head in one whose every feature shows 
fine quality will indicate the philosophical 
mind, of fine discrimination. The con- 
tracted nose and mouth indicate conserva- 
tive social relations. 




9"/""" "'"^ 



The back head, low forehead, brow, nose, 
mouth, and particularly the lower lip, all 
indicate crudeness. Obstinacy and animal 
cunning are qualities of ignorance. 



Perceptive Ability 69 

as evidenced by very dark, dull eye or dark, sallow 
skin. This characteristic will be found more par- 
ticularly with balanced coloring, and good quality. 
Where justice of thought is found it will usually 
include orderliness in the placing of material things. 

Orderliness. 

Orderliness gives the desire to place material 
things in exact position, and the wish to always 
return them to that position. Orderliness is a 
narrower quality than justice of thought, as it 
deals with the concrete. It will be found in the 
narrower brow structure, with the outer corners of 
the brow decidedly compressed and prominent. 
The outer corner of the brow will be more bony in 
structure where this quality is present than where 
justice of thought is evidenced. All the features 
of the face will be sharply defined, and the muscle 
structures will tend to be hard rather than elastic. 
Where this quality is found in its narrow degree, 
although fussy and over-particular about the 
placing of material things the subject will be very 
positive in opinions, but illogical. 

Conscientiousness. 

Conscientiousness is the quality which requires 
that one shall be exceedingly precise in principle 



70 Character Qualities Outlined 

as well as in all one's dealings with others, even to 
the minutest detail. Conscientiousness may be 
over-done. It predicates the mind for detail, with 
strong development of justice of thought, but the 
mind of narrow scope rather than of real broadness. 
The structures will include those of definiteness of 
the narrow type, detail mind and accuracy. 

Control of Desires. 

Control of desires will result in one being able at 
all times to direct inclinations and not to do any- 
thing as a result of intensity or emotion that is not 
a directed act. The name of the quality predicates 
the suggestion that there must be desires to be 
controlled, and emotional or intense desires are 
only found where there are healthy and normal 
bodily structures, indicated under the structures of 
Health. The degree of control exercised will be 
evident in nicely compressed brow, clear eye drawn 
back into the head, finely cut ridge and nostril 
lines to an expanded nose, long upper lip with the 
rim lines of the mouth well and evenly compressed, 
and the ball of the chin drawn up, indicating in 
conjunction with such a mouth that the physical 
action has been directed by the mind. The jaw 
line will be sharply cut; the developed quality 
throughout will be good to fine. 



Perceptive Ability 71 

Judgment of Character. 

Judgment of character is the ability to con- 
sciously estimate what another is likely to do under 
stated conditions, also the ability to tell with defi- 
niteness what are the established habits of the 
one judged. It is arriving at a judgment in rela- 
tion to another as the result of conscious thought 
and analysis of the person in question, or subcon- 
sciously arriving at an opinion based upon contact 
with many people of the same type during the past. 
Judgment of character will be found with the 
structures indicating logic, the analytical mind, the 
inquiring mind, powers of observation, attention, 
and the eye of detailed visual ability, and these 
structures should be considered. 



CHAPTER V 

MENTAL ACTION QUALITIES 

Decision in Minor Matters. 

Decision in minor matters is the ability to decide 
minor matters quickly, with the exercise of con- 
scious thinking power, not intuitively or by 
"hunch" as it is termed. This quality is usually 
highly developed where there is a good degree of 
emotionalism in the nature, and also a high degree 
of sensitiveness, which results in rapid compara- 
tively short periods of concentration. The struc- 
tures are those indicating some degree of emotional- 
ism with those of sensitiveness and mental concen- 
tration of the emotional type, and the particular 
structures are as follows: the brow will have a 
slight tendency toward contraction in the center; 
the eye will be medium deep-seated, and some 
emotion will be evident. The brow is compressed 
only to a medium degree. There must be alertness 
and balance of physical structures, such as blood, 
muscle, bone and hair growth, to result in these 

72 




Sir Thos. More. 

A good illustration of a heavily muscled face. A man of quick decision 
and action. One that will show irritability, temper and severity in accom- 
plishing a purpose. 



Mental Action Qualities 73 

quick decisions. The ears and nose will be of fine 
cartilaginous structure. The ridge line of the nose 
will look as though the skin were stretched tight 
over the edges, giving the ridge line a square effect. 
The point of the nose will be noticeably divided 
and the nostrils finely cut. The septum will not 
be drawn down to a degree indicative of analysis. 
The nose will be small in structure, and esthetic 
in nature. The mouth will be mildly compressed, 
but having the indications of the intense instead of 
the "sense" type. The quality of the subject will 
be from medium to fine. 

Decision in Major Matters. 

Decision in major matters will include the ability 
to decide quickly on minor matters. It gives the 
ability to decide quickly as the result of analysis of 
questions that may arise, no matter how com- 
plicated. The rapidity with which the decision will 
be made is to be judged by the relative importance 
of the thing to be decided. 

The structures indicating this quality will be 
those of mental alertness, concentration, analysis, 
self-confidence and self-dependence, and these struc- 
tures should be considered. 

The particular difference between the structures 
for decision in minor matters and major matters 



74 Character Qualities Outlined 

will be that in major matters the features will be 
large and expanded; and the point of a large nose, 
broad at the tip, will be evenly drawn over and 
downward toward the face, without noticeable 
division in the point. 

Psychic Decision. 

This quality gives the tendency to decide either a 
minor or major matter without conscious thought 
and without basing it upon reasoning, arriving at a 
decision wholly as the result of what is termed 
"hunch." This type will be of the emotional type, 
and the structures for emotional activity should be 
considered. The brow will be only fairly com- 
pressed some distance from the eye itself, although 
the eye will be slightly forced backward into the 
head, as will be indicated by the developed struc- 
tures. The imaginative side will be strong, and the 
physical side particularly evident in full back neck 
with low nape line to the neck ; broad head through 
from ear to ear, of medium height to the crown; 
forehead medium high, tending toward being 
square at the outer corners; nose expanded, with 
wide nostrils; full lip structures, mildly compressed; 
heavy chin; heavy jaw; full cheeks, indicating 
more than normal activity of the assimilative and 
secretory systems. In this type there is a tendency 



Mental Action Qualities 75 

toward mental indolence, which, with the more 
than ordinary physical forces, results in the gam- 
bling spirit with a willingness to take a chance. 

Continuity of Purpose. 

Continuity of purpose indicates the desire to do 
things in a routine way, without the intervening 
of change and excitement, preferring to do and 
complete one thing at a time rather than to have 
to divide the direction of effort for the accom- 
plishment of many things or purposes at one 
time. 

The structures indicating practicality, detail mind, 
endurance, tenacity, and accuracy, are those which 
will indicate this quality, and these structures 
should be considered. 

Will Power. 

Will power is the ability to hold to a purpose or 
principle which is based upon a decision that has 
been thought out. Will power will be shown in 
balance of structures, in good, firm neck muscles, 
indicating bodily strength, well defined features 
throughout, with nicely developed reflective region 
of the forehead, and well developed compressed, 
broad perceptive region, well drawn down on the 
outer corner; the eye medium to deep-seated; 



76 Character Qualities Outlined 

sharp lines to a large nose which is broad and well 
expanded; long upper lip; rim lines of the lips 
compressed and expanded; ball of the chin drawn 
up, sharp line to the jaw; cheeks medium full, show- 
ing a nice .balance of the assimilative and secretory 
sides; good color, medium to dark; color of skin 
should show proper circulation and eliminative 
functioning. The eye will be clear and bright. 
The chest will be high and the muscles throughout 
should be elastic in texture. 

There are two types of will power: the offensive 
type, in which there is the element of aggressive- 
ness; and the defensive type, which is, whether 
found in man or woman, considered as feminine. 
In the first type the evidence of physical power will 
be definitely found, whereas in the latter type the 
subject will be deficient in the evidence of physical 
strength, which will result in lack of aggressiveness. 
The quality will be from medium to fine. Where 
the mental quality of will is properly supported 
by strong lower face indicating physical strength, 
it will wear out in sustained combat the will that 
is not so supported. 

Determination. 

Determination is a quality that is evident in the 
carrying out of the dictates of the will. It results 



Mental Action Qualities 77 

in one carrying forward an undertaking to accom- 
plishment even against opposition. 

The structures indicate a fine perceptive de- 
velopment, concentration, physical and mental 
energy, self-control, tenacity, with balanced physical 
conditions, and these structures should be con- 
sidered. The subject is more strongly of the in- 
tense type than the "sense" type, which will be 
evident in the elastic muscle structures, fully 
expanded brow, nose and mouth, strong body 
hair growth and medium to dark coloring. The 
quality will be good, the chest will tend to be 
high. 

Self-Confidence. 

Self-confidence is the quality which gives one 
the ability to meet at all times both conditions and 
people with a conviction of ability to cope success- 
fully with whatever may arise. The qualities of 
moral and physical courage, will power, mental alert- 
ness and determination should be considered, and 
particularly should the brow and eye be carefully 
studied, as the definiteness of the brow compres- 
sion, the clearness and depth of the eye, the nose 
and mouth compression and expansion will be the 
important structures. Good skin color and good 
heart action are necessary. An over-development 



78 Character Qualities Outlined 

of this quality will result in intolerance, to which 
reference should be made. 

Self-Dependence. 

Self-dependence is the quality which makes one 
sufficient unto oneself, in so far as decisions and 
actions are concerned. There is some degree of 
self-esteem in this quality, with the structures in- 
dicating will power, determination and self-confidence 
definitely present. Self-dependence does not re- 
quire so much outgoing of force, so there will be 
less of the full-blooded condition, less activity of 
the assimilative and secretory systems than found 
where self confidence is present. The muscles will 
tend to be harder than in self-confidence; as there 
will not be so much responsiveness, but there will be 
greater energy shown in the nose section of the face, 
with higher chest, indicating larger breath capacity. 
The type will be intense rather than the "sense" 
type. Coloring will be from medium to dark. 

Initiative. 

Initiative is the quality which gives one the 
urge to do a thing without being told, and to reach 
out for new ways of doing new things. The struc- 
tures which indicate this are the full reflective fore- 
head, broad but nicely rounded on the outer 



Mental Action Qualities 79 

corners; the "sense" type rather than the intense, 
with all indications of balanced physical conditions 
present, particularly the full-blooded condition, 
showing responsiveness. The brow will be only 
medium-compressed. There will be a vivid 
imagination. The structures for imagination, emo- 
tional activity, and aggressiveness should also be 
considered. 

Patience. 

Patience is a quality which results in one "carry- 
ing on" in spite of difficulties, without irritation 
or discontent. Patience is a defensive quality, 
and not of offensive nature, and the structures 
indicating the defensive type of will power should 
be considered. There will be no marks of irri- 
tability present, nor marks of active intensity, 
although the one who is patient has the coloring, 
muscles and bodily hair structure of the in- 
tense type. The nose will tend to be light in form 
and slightly contracted. The mouth will be mildly 
compressed, with a tendency to be slightly con- 
tracted upon the outer rim lines, indicating 
repression. The lower third of the face will tend 
to be light in structure. Sensitiveness should not 
be strongly present. The structures indicating 
perseverance should be considered. 



80 Character Qualities Outlined 

Ambition. 

Ambition is a desire to constantly progress to- 
wards an improved condition. Strong imagination, 
enthusiasm and balance of physical make-up, with 
aggressiveness and energy, make up this quality. 
Study these structures. 

Caution. 

Caution is the quality which results in one 
considering deliberately whether to do or not to do 
a certain thing. It regulates both mental decision 
and bodily action. Caution is found in natural 
structures as the result of breadth of upper back 
head structure, breadth of head through from ear 
to ear; high reflective forehead, with perceptives 
only developed to a medium degree; broad nose 
structure; reasonably long upper lip; full mouth, 
mildly compressed, with structures indicative of 
the "sense" type; full, broad chin; and muscles 
with tendency towards flabbiness rather than 
elasticity. The developed quality is found in full 
development of the reflective and perceptive brow, 
bright, clear eye, deep-seated, and the structures 
indicating attention, analysis, definiteness and con- 
centration should be examined. This head struc- 
ture will be medium in width, and of the intense 
type rather than the "sense" type, with a fair 



Mental Action Qualities 81 

development of the assimilative and secretory 
systems. 

Tact. 

Tact is a quality which results in fineness of 
perception in dealing with others, which gives an 
ability to handle without friction all situations so 
far as people are concerned. It gives the ability 
to say unpleasant things in a pleasant manner. 
Tact will be found where there is mental alertness 
and intensity which is well in control, without any 
indications of irritability. The subject must be 
well balanced from the standpoint of physical 
equipment, having moderately active heart, assimi- 
lative and secretory systems, with good eliminative 
functioning as indicated by clear color, which 
should be medium-dark. The quality should be 
medium to fine, with a good degree of balanced 
sensitiveness. 

Sincerity. 

Sincerity is a quality which results in one not 
only meaning what is said, but incorporates the 
actual doing of the thing as said. The structures 
indicating this quality will be conscientiousness, 
high reflective forehead, giving high ideals, strong 
development of compression on the outer corner of 



82 Character Qualities Outlined 

the brow, indicating justice of thought, with good 
compression of the brows throughout. The eye 
should be full, deep and clear. All the indications 
of fineness of quality are present, including good 
ear and nose structures, good compression of the 
mouth, all the lines in the face sharp and well cut. 
Medium to fine quality is usually present. 

Generosity. 

Generosity is a quality which will result in one 
being willing to give even to the extent of personal 
sacrifice, both of time and material things. Gen- 
erosity is indicated in well balanced lower back 
head structures ; full, broad, upper back head ; full 
top head; and full and broad reflective forehead; 
nicely and evenly developed perceptive region; 
large nose with expanded nostril, broad as it joins 
the face; reasonably full cheeks; reasonably full 
mouth structure, with fairly long well formed upper 
lip; and full chin with ball of the chin drawn up; 
full blooded condition, with evidence of reasonably 
active assimilative and secretory functions. 

Loyalty. 

Loyalty is the quality which results in one active- 
ly supporting a friend and refusing to acknowledge 
to others that the friend may be in the wrong. 



Mental Action Qualities 83 

It is based upon absolute faith in the friend. 
Loyalty will result in one keeping sacred a con- 
fidence, whether sought for or offered voluntarily, 
or whether given by a friend or mere acquaintance. 
Loyalty will have most of the indications of sin- 
cerity in extreme degree, but under more strenuous 
control, in that sincerity is more of an outgoing 
force, whereas loyalty is more of an inward quality. 
There will be less of responsiveness in the structures 
indicating loyalty than in sincerity, with a conse- 
quently less desire to tell everything to everybody. 
Quality will be medium to fine. Coloring will be 
medium to dark. 

Dependability. 

Dependability is the quality which results in 
others being able to know at all times exactly where 
or how one may stand on a particular issue. It 
results in others being able to rely upon one who 
is possessed of this quality. The structures in- 
dicating sincerity, loyalty, persistence and tenac- 
ity, with good perceptive development, should be 
considered. 

Fidelity. 

Fidelity is more particularly the quality which 
results in one being constant and true to one object 






84 Character Qualities Outlined 

of the affections. The structures indicating self- 
control, control of desires, sincerity, and loyalty 
should be considered in conjunction with moral 
courage and will power. Consideration of these 
structures will give all the structures of fidelity, 
but particularly must the emotional side be put 
into the background and a balanced condition of 
body must obtain. Intemperance in any of the 
desires, including eating, drinking, love of play 
upon the senses, as indicated by excess activity of 
the assimilative, secretory and lymphatic circula- 
"tory systems, must not obtain. Quality will be 
medium to fine. 

Moral Courage. 

Moral courage is the quality that results in one 
at all times striving to consistently carry forward 
and accomplish the best that there is in one from 
the standpoint of ideals. This quality will be 
indicated in balance in all the structures through- 
out, a nice balance of the mental and physical sides, 
and strong vitality as aside from physical strength. 
This nature is the intense rather than the "sense" 
type. The structures indicating justice of thought, 
reflective and perceptive ability and persistence 
should be considered. 

Moral courage is defensive as well as offensive in 



Mental Action Qualities 85 

character. The offensive type has balanced physi- 
cal indications. The defensive type, frail or de- 
pleted bodily conditions. In the offensive type the 
subject will be practically fearless in accomplishing 
a purpose, and aggressive tendencies will be present. 
Legitimate aggressiveness should be considered. 
There will be medium to fine quality, with good 
degree of sensitiveness in both types. 

As stated, moral courage unsupported by phy- 
sical courage is likely to be defensive in character 
rather than offensive, and will result in the subject 
standing firm in a decision with the element of 
patience, rather than showing any aggressiveness 
in trying to force upon others a position which he 
has taken. The particular structures which in- 
dicate the quality will be high crown to the head, 
showing a particularly well balanced head indicated 
by complete half circle, good development of per- 
ceptives, particularly upon the outer corner of the 
brow, which outer corner and temple will be full 
in its structure. The eye will be deep-seated and 
almond-shaped, with the brow drawn close to the 
eye. There will be good development between the 
brows; good nose, but of the aesthetic type rather 
than the vigorous, expanded nose. The cartilages 
will be thin and finely cut, the nose prominent, but 
narrow as it joins the face. The cheeks may be 



86 Character Qualities Outlined 

shallow, although not sunken, and the skin coloring 
will not be bright. The lips will be of medium to 
thin structure; the chin will be narrow, tending 
to be pointed; and the ball of the chin not greatly 
drawn up. The mouth will tend to be contracted 
rather than expanded, unless the quality is very 
fine, when the mouth might be expanded. The 
neck is likely to be slender and finely cut, small 
rather than of medium size. Where the indica- 
tions of mental development which are here shown 
are in combination with the indications of physical 
courage, we shall find both physical and moral 
courage present. For moral courage alone the 
question of quality must be carefully estimated as 
fine quality must be a part of moral courage. 



CHAPTER VI 

MENTAL AND BODILY ACTION QUALITIES 

Decisiveness of Action. 

Decisiveness of action means the ability actually 
to do a thing as soon as a mental decision has been 
reached in relation to the action. Action is directed 
by perceptive development of broad or narrow 
structure — either heavy bone prominence through- 
out the full width of the brow or muscular in its 
development; good clear eye with a good develop- 
ment of the surrounding formations . The muscular 
development of the brow will be in conjunction 
with broad, expanded nose throughout; long upper 
lip drawn down, well compressed lips, the lower 
one drawn up ; the ball of the chin drawn upward ; 
sharp cut jaw line; with good balance of body 
structures, which includes the bone, muscle and 
hair growth. The muscle structure should be 
elastic. Where the bony type of brow is found, but 
lacking in muscular development, it will indicate 
decisiveness of action in actually doing things 

87 



88 Character Qualities Outlined 

with the hands and body as aside from following 
out a mental dictate. 



Physical Energy. 

Physical energy is a quality which indicates alert 
and keen bodily activity in its responses to the 
dictates of the mind. It will indicate quick, well 
directed, alert movement. This quality will be 
found with the type which is either a combination 
of the "sense" and intense, or with the intense type. 
The structures indicating this quality will be com- 
pressed and expanded brow, bright, clear, alert 
eye, large nose, expanded its full length, broad 
nostrils, long upper lip, strongly compressed mouth, 
vigorously developed ball of the chin, definite jaw 
line, muscles elastic, medium to dark coloring, and 
good eliminative system as indicated by clear skin 
and clear eye. Light coloring will usually ac- 
company great but undirected energy. 

Endurance. 

Endurance is the ability, both mental and 
physical, to remain at a set piece of work for a long 
continued period. Endurance will predicate a well 
developed mind and body. The particular struc- 
tures indicating this are, strong bone structure, 
elastic muscle structure, vigorous hair growth, 




Seneca. 

A face of great mental and physical force. The brow, eye and nose 
indicate a man of alert decision. The lower face shows crudeness, in- 
tolerance and violence in the application of force. 

(In other and apparently more correct pictures of this subject, the 
lower face gives evidence of vigorous but controlled and directed physical 
forces and this accords better with his life record.) 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 89 

vigorous breathing indicated by nose expansion 
and high chest, and perfectly good circulation in- 
dicated by even coloring. Look up intense type and 
will power. 

Physical Courage. 

Physical courage is the ability to endure under 
physical stress, whether in exercise, work, or pain. 
It gives one the confidence to succeed in physical 
combat with others. As everything physical 
must be directed by mind, the mind must be well 
trained, as evidenced by brow and mouth struc- 
tures. The particular structures which evidence 
physical courage will be good, vigorous heart action 
with good circulation as indicated by an even, clear 
coloring, including the lobes of the ears, nostrils 
and ball of the chin, as well as lips and cheeks. 
There should be good muscle structures, elastic to 
hard in texture, medium to vigorous hair growth. 
The nape line of a well formed muscular neck 
should be reasonably low, with good back head 
structure; the back head and width from ear to 
ear should be from medium to broad, particularly 
full above and behind the ears. The brow should 
be compressed to a medium degree at least, to give 
direction to the physical forces. The eye should 
be full, with good powers of observation and an 



90 Character Qualities Outlined 

alertness of movement. The nose should be vigor- 
ous in form, either large throughout, with strong 
bone structure, or with sunken root, with expanded 
nostrils. The upper lip should be long and firm; 
the mouth and cheeks will indicate the intense 
type or a combination with the "sense." The lips 
will sometimes be greatly compressed, but always 
muscular in their hardness. The chin should be 
broad in structure, with ball drawn up, well 
rounded jaw-bone, the chest high. This is describ- 
ing the type of courage that results in absolute 
fearlessness, as confidence in a well formed, evenly 
balanced body gives physical courage. In this 
type sensitiveness will be absent. The quality will 
be medium to coarse. The structures of sensitive- 
ness should be considered in relation to this quality. 
Where strong indications of sensitiveness are also 
found that will be the type of physical courage 
which withstands in spite of having an inward 
shrinking. It is this type of courage which results 
in doing what appears to be superhuman at a 
critical moment. The quality will be medium to 
fine. 

Self-Assertiveness. 

Self-assertiveness is a quality which results in 
the willingness to bring oneself to the notice of 




Foub Profiles. 

Upper left is contracted throughout, the result of undeveloped body 
strength as shown by the back head and lower face. Upper right is rather 
crude in structure, and indicates self-center in the brow, with a relaxed 
lower face showing love of ease. Lower left is a fine face; well developed 
brow, eye, nose, mouth and chin indicate compression and expansion. 
Lower right is a face relaxed throughout, and indicates sensuality. 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 91 

others, and it may be in either a legitimate or 
illegitimate degree. In the latter case it becomes 
obnoxious, and the willingness becomes a desire to 
do so. Self-assertiveness is the outgrowth of self- 
confidence and self-dependence, and includes ag- 
gressiveness and a reasonable degree of self-esteem, 
with good powers of expression. Study these 
structures. 

Self-Control. 

Self-control is the ability, under all conditions, 
to refuse to allow oneself to do what his desire may 
dictate, except under the direction of the will. 
Self-control requires the direction of the mind, and 
the mind must be definite in its direction, and de- 
finite in its judgments, with good energy. The 
structures of the face indicating self-control will be 
good upper forehead to give reflection and direction ; 
well developed perceptive lower forehead giving 
action; a medium to deep-seated, full, clear eye, 
showing intensity instead of emotionalism; well 
developed nose with nostril expanded but not 
dilated; firm upper lip, well compressed, with the 
lower lip drawn up and the mouth firm in appear- 
ance; vigorous chin of good width, ball drawn up, 
with good, well rounded jaw bone. These are the 
indications of one who is exercising control over real 



92 Character Qualities Outlined 

forces. There is, of course, the type that has but 
few forces to exercise control over — usually the 
ones of depleted bodily conditions, when control is 
more a direction of the mental attitude rather than 
the holding in leash of bodily forces. 

Self-Esteem. 

Self-esteem is the quality that gives one a right 
appreciation of both mental and bodily powers. 
Without self-assertiveness it is an admirable 
quality. When in conjunction with an over-degree 
of self-assertiveness it degenerates into egotism. 

The structures for self-assertiveness and egotism 
should be considered in judging this quality. The 
chief structures indicating self-esteem will be, the 
nape line of the neck high, with a quick outjutting 
of the head immediately above the nape line; high, 
broad upper back head, and good upper forehead ; 
good degree of action shown in the brow; fine 
cartilages of the ear and nose, well cut nostril, fine 
in its texture; well developed eye, medium-promi- 
nent to deep-seated, full and clear, with deep trans- 
parency; nicely controlled mouth with even com- 
pression; good ball to the chin, the face being long 
in structure and tending to be pear-shaped; the 
lower third of the face lighter than the upper third. 
Sensitiveness will usually be present where self- 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 93 

esteem is found, and the structures for sensitiveness 
should be considered. Where self-esteem is found 
in the extreme the ear will be over-far back on the 
head, with little lower back head, with almost a 
straight line to the back head, and the head will 
slant directly from the back to the front, resulting 
in an apex at the back of the head. This head 
precludes love of human nature, as the physical 
brain is deficient, which causes a cramped mental 
attitude in relationships with people, and results 
more in the egotist than the one of self-esteem. 
The body throughout in the last mentioned condi- 
tion will indicate a state of depletion. 

Dignity. 

Dignity is the quality which gives one a bearing, 
both mental and physical, which inspires others 
with respect and results in one always being able to 
be self-possessed and apparently confident. The 
qualities for self-control should be considered. The 
quality of dignity is evident in the manner in which 
one carries the head, face and body, and results 
from a deliberate mental attitude extending to 
deliberate control of all body action. Dignity 
implies deliberation and premeditated expression. 
The muscles will tend to be hard rather than elastic. 
The quality will be from medium to fine. 



94 Character Qualities Outlined 

Poise. 

Poise is a quality which savors of dignity, but 
without the apparent pose which dignity implies. 
It incorporates ease of mind and body in their 
action under all conditions, whether normal or 
otherwise. Dignity is likely to be found with the 
muscles tending in the direction of hard, whereas 
the texture of elasticity will be present where 
poise is found. It requires a well-trained re- 
flective and perceptive mind, self-confidence, re- 
sponsiveness, normal sensitiveness, moral and 
physical courage, resourcefulness and initiative; 
and the structures for these qualities should be 
considered. The quality will be from medium to 
fine. 

Persistence. 

Persistence is a quality that gives one the ability 
to work continuously for the accomplishment of a 
purpose, whether the work is done consecutively 
or at intervals. Persistence will be evident where 
endurance is present, and this structure should be 
considered, but requires the active elements of 
mental and physical energy, with moral and physical 
courage, and these structures should also be con- 
sidered. The particular structures showing per- 
sistence will be elastic or hard muscles, good heart 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 95 

action evidenced in the coloring, strong bone struc- 
ture, vigorous hair growth, with the intense type 
rather than the sense type. 

Optimism. 

Optimism results in one seeing everything with a 
rosy hue, and reflects in bodily action by being 
always happy in nature. Optimism is not usually 
a quality of judgment. It will be found in the 
full, wide lower back head; broad upper back head; 
full upper forehead; brow only medium-com- 
pressed; eye of emotional character; ears and nose 
large; cheeks full; mouth full, soft, velvety and 
moist in structure ; chin fleshy rather than muscu- 
lar; all the indications of very good circulation and 
active assimilative and secretory systems present. 
The circulation of the blood will be more than 
ordinarily active, as indicated by generally high 
coloring. This type of optimism is erratic and 
visionary and is not supported by directed action, 
often accompanied by high chest, giving large lung 
capacity. Where the subject is high-chested, large 
expanded nose, evenly compressed brow and mouth, 
with all indications of a balanced type mentally 
and bodily, the optimism will be governed by 
common sense and it will have energy behind it to 
support it. 



96 Character Qualities Outlined 

Tenacity. 

Tenacity is a quality that results in one not only 
being persistent, but also hanging on to a purpose 
even when the indications point to the fact that 
there is no possibility of accomplishing the thing 
that is striven for. Tenacity is found particularly 
in heavy bone structures throughout, evidenced 
in bony brow structure rather than muscular. 

The muscle structures throughout will be hard 
rather than elastic. This will be the intense type 
instead of the "sense" type, and all the evidences 
of self-control will be present. The structures for 
the perceptive mind, intense type, self-control and 
obstinacy should be considered. The chief differ- 
ence between obstinacy and tenacity is that te- 
nacity is intelligently, with active force, sticking to a 
thing, whereas obstinacy is a passive holding on 
with brute force. Tenacity is more evident in 
hard muscle structure; obstinacy in very heavy 
bone structures. 

Speculating or Gambling Spirit. 

The tendency to speculate or gamble is a desire, 
as the result of exuberance of spirit, to want to 
jump into anything and everything without con- 
sideration or caring as to the result — a desire to 
take a chance for the pure love of the excitement 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 97 

which results from taking it. The structures in- 
dicating this quality are those for optimism and 
emotional activity, and they should be considered. 
This type is particularly full-blooded, with more 
than ordinarily high chest and vigorous and large 
features throughout; the nose structure will show 
large lung capacity. The coloring is from medium 
to light. 

Good Nature. 

Good nature is a quality strictly of contact with 
others which results in one meeting all conditions 
without irritability, whether those with whom he 
comes in contact are happy or otherwise. In other 
words, such a one allows nothing to cause a ripple 
of dissatisfaction on the surface of happiness. 

The structures indicating optimism and bal- 
anced health will give this quality, and these 
structures should be considered. This quality is 
regulated more by the vital organs, and disease of 
the limbs, etc., does not usually react directly 
upon the attitude of the mind, whereas affection of 
any of the vital parts will do so. 

Power of Expression. 

Power of expression means the ability to make 
others understand what is within, either by word of 



98 Character Qualities Outlined 

mouth or by bodily action. Power of expression in 
words is of two types: the emotional, eloquent 
speaker, who paints beautiful word pictures, but 
who often leaves but little with the hearer; and the 
intense speaker, who talks upon facts, and con- 
vinces one by the logic of his argument, and his 
sincere belief in the material which he gives out. 
The first will have the characteristics of the emo- 
tional type, with high, reflective forehead; brow 
medium-compressed; full, emotional eye; expanded 
brow; large nose and expanded nostrils; lips natur- 
ally of the full, velvety, moist type, but compressed 
and flexible; full cheeks; full, broad, muscular and 
fleshy chin, with high blood coloring. The nature 
must, in addition to the emotional activity, have 
somewhat of intense qualities to give the desire for 
active expression. The intense speaker will have 
high crown to the head, but a forehead that tends 
to slant backward; the brow strongly developed, 
heavily compressed, broad, with full development 
upon the outer corners, drawn close to a deep- 
seated, full eye of medium to dark coloring; good, 
vigorous nose, expanded nostrils; long upper lip, 
mouth indicating that much of the red has been 
drawn within, although large and broad in its 
structures, and the low^er lip well drawn up; ball of 
the chin vigorous and muscular in its structure; 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 99 

the muscle structures elastic to hard, but there will 
be particularly evident a well balanced circulation. 
The quality of this type must be medium to fine. 
Bodily expression will be found with good bone 
frame, elastic texture of muscle, with well balanced 
circulation; and the structures for mental and 
physical energy should be considered. 

Perseverance. 

Perseverance is a quality that results in one 
continuing in an effort to accomplish a purpose, 
whether the thing to be accomplished seems 
possible or impossible. It is an effort to do the 
best that can be done, irrespective of results. Per- 
severance will be evident in the structures of per- 
sistence and tenacity, but there is an element of 
patience which enters in, and the structures for 
patience should also be considered. 

Personal Magnetism. 

Personal magnetism is a quality that results in 
one attracting others and making oneself liked 
without effort to do so, and often without expres- 
sion by either word or action. It is a quality that 
results from a fine development of all the mental 
and bodily forces and fine balance of these forces, 
held in control. The structures for reflective and 



100 Character Qualities Outlined 

'perceptive mind, responsiveness, good nature, self- 
control, power of expression and poise should be 
considered. 

The quality is fully discussed under chapter 
"Personal Magnetism" in Character Reading 
Through Analysis of the Features, by the author, 
to which chapter reference is made for a full un- 
derstanding of the quality and the indications 
of it. 

Recuperative Power. 

Recuperative power gives one the ability, al- 
though either mentally or bodily tired, to quickly 
renew the forces. The structures showing this 
power are, fullness at the back of the head; large 
nose structure, broadly expanded nostrils; high 
chest, with large lung capacity; vigorous heart 
action evidenced by well distributed clear coloring; 
brightness and clearness of eye; full cheeks; full, 
moist lip structure; broad chin, both fleshy and 
muscular; good activity of the assimilative and 
secretory systems, with a reasonable degree of 
vitality. See close of chapter on General Health. 

Sociability. 

Sociability indicates the ability to make many 
friends and to want many friends; a tendency to be 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 101 

rather indiscriminate in the selection of friends 
and those to whom confidences may be given. 

The structures indicating optimism, speculating 
or gambling spirit, good nature, responsiveness and 
power of expression, with emotional activity, are the 
ones that should be considered. 

Combativeness. 

Combativeness is a quality which makes one 
ready to actually fight for one's rights, and re- 
quires both physical and moral courage. The 
quality of physical courage must be present, and in 
particular must the bone structures of both face 
and body dominate the other structures. The top 
of the head will tend to be flat, with low, square 
forehead. The back of the head will be more than 
one-third, with decided fullness just back of and 
above the ears, which often crudely stand out 
straight from the head. The ears will be neither 
large nor small, and poorly formed; the nose is 
usually crude in structure; the muscles of the 
mouth and lips have the appearance of being very 
hard and both lips lean forward; the rim line of the 
upper lip is often turned up and the lower lip, 
although hard in tissue, appears to hang loosely 
forward, or firmly gripped but protruding. The 
chin and jaw will be heavy and appear to be drawn 



102 Character Qualities Outlined 

forward. Sometimes a dimple will be found in the 
chin where a large amount of emotion is present. 
The muscle structure will tend to be hard rather 
than elastic throughout the body. There need not 
necessarily be strong hair growth, indicated by 
heavy eyebrows drawn in the center, but there often 
is. The quality will be medium to coarse. 

Legitimate Aggressiveness. 

Aggressiveness is a quality which results in one 
being always ready to support a position taken, 
either by word or action, and support the position 
in this way with positiveness. This quality can be 
detrimental if in excessive degree, but is advan- 
tageous when in legitimate degree. The legitimate 
degree will be found in one of good physical 
strength indicated by well proportioned back head, 
good breadth to the upper back head, medium to 
wide from side to side; medium-full upper forehead; 
good development of perceptives throughout their 
whole width; good sized nose in proportion to face, 
with expanded nostril ; either deep-seated or promi- 
nent eye, with good development of surrounding 
structure; medium to long upper lip, lips well 
compressed, lower lip drawn up; good broad chin, 
prominent, not at all receding, with ball of chin 
well drawn up, medium width of jaw-bone at angle; 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 103 

full-blooded condition, skin showing good color; 
cheeks not sunken. Where excessive aggressive- 
ness is found, all these indications will be in extreme 
degree and there will of necessity be irritability 
present. Note indications of irritability. The 
quality of the subject will be medium, as fineness 
will result in too much sensitiveness. 

Intense Type. 

Intensity is a deep, underlying controlled force, 
and is the result of building up a reserve power 
through the exercise of control in the use of the 
forces. It gives vigor and vitality to everything 
that is said and done by the one possessing it. 
Emotionalism may be so controlled as to finally 
develop into intensity, provided there are enough 
of the elements of intensity present to bring this 
about. The structures for intensity are vigorous 
muscular neck; medium to low nape line not in any 
sense indicating physical excess; medium width of 
back and side head structures; high crown to the 
head; medium-full upper third of the forehead prom- 
inent and strongly developed perceptives with brow 
definitely and sharply compressed throughout its 
whole width; eye deep-seated, almond-shaped, 
gray, hazel or dark in color; vigorous nose struc- 
tures with expanded nostrils; long upper lip 



104 Character Qualities Outlined 

strongly compressed and straight, lower lip drawn 
up, the lip structures being reduced by this com- 
pression and expansion, and of good bright color, 
the corners of the mouth drawn backward with 
circles around the corners from the wing of the 
nostrils downward, the lip structures medium-thick, 
muscular, with the middle of the mouth further 
forward than the corners, the ball of the chin show- 
ing strong muscular development, and the jaw lines 
sharply cut; skin medium to dark in coloring; all 
muscles of the face showing tenseness; the move- 
ment of the eye and nostril and expression of the 
mouth evidencing alertness. The quality must be 
from good to fine; a balanced quality is desirable. 

" Sense " Type. 

The sense type is that which has a keen sense 
appreciation, and therefore enjoyment in a play 
upon the senses. This would include the love of 
art, music, outdoor life, good things to eat and 
drink, with active sympathies. All the indications 
of emotional activity will be present, but the finer 
the sensibilities the keener and finer will be the 
appreciations and the less there will be of animal 
emotionalism. The fineness of feeling will of course 
be evident in the indications of quality that may 
be present. 




\ good illustration of the " sense " type, with mind and body force well 
developed and controlled. A natural organizer of business with good 
financial sense. 



Mental and Bodily Action Qualities 105 

There may be a combination of the intense with 
the "sense" type, which will be chiefly evident 
where the conditions for intensity are in combina- 
tion with good active secretory systems, which 
belong to the "sense" type. The mouth will par- 
ticularly indicate this as it will have the full, soft, 
velvety, moist condition of the "sense" type, 
although the structure will indicate the intense 
type. The color of the lips in this case will be par- 
ticularly bright. 

Love of Praise. 

Love of praise is a quality that requires that one 
shall be constantly commended by others to en- 
able one to accomplish the best that is in him. It 
indicates a lack of self-dependence. The outstand- 
ing structures will be a particularly full lower and 
upper back head, broad at the top of the upper 
back head, medium width of head from ear to ear, 
full crown, full and wide upper forehead, and well de- 
veloped perceptives, but brow not definitely drawn 
down; full eye medium to prominent; expanded 
nostril; nose either convex or concave in form; 
short upper lip, rim line of lips not greatly com- 
pressed, although usually considerably expanded. 
There will usually be the development of sense 
excitability beneath the eye, and the lip and muscle 






106 Character Qualities Outlined 

structures will tend in the direction of the "sense" 
type rather than the intense, with full cheeks and 
bright coloring, indicating more than usually active 
heart. The lymphatic and assimilative systems 
will be more than usually active. This type is 
medium to light in coloring, and will work better 
where appreciated, but can work even under 
destructive criticism. Where these indications are 
present but the subject is dark in coloring, destruc- 
tive criticism will not be tolerated as resentments 
will at once arise. Where very dark, with strong 
bile conditions, no criticism can be made without 
irritability and temper being shown. The indica- 
tions of responsiveness and emotional activity should 
be considered. 




The shape of the forehead, nose, mouth and chin are typical of women 
of the 17th Century, and make an interesting comparison with the majority 
of the women of today. 



CHAPTER VII 

PASSIVE NEGATIVES 

Sullenness. 

Sullenness is a quality which results in the sub- 
ject becoming angry, but refusing all expression of 
anger and refusing even to converse with those with 
whom he is angry or irritated. Sullenness is a result 
of lack of responsiveness, spontaneity and self- 
confidence. It may arise with two different struc- 
tures. One is the result of slow responses and 
heaviness of head and body structures, indicated 
by the full, short neck with straight back head, the 
head broad from ear to ear, low in the crown, with 
brow compressed to only a medium degree, heavy 
in bone structure but not in muscle development; 
eye medium-deep-seated with not much surround- 
ing development except of irritability, with no deep 
transparency, but dull in appearance. With this 
structure the eye will usually be blue or gray in 
color, rather small in size; the nose heavy in muscle 
and cartilaginous structure, the nostril thick and 

107 




The shape of the forehead, nose, mouth and chin are typical of women 
of the 17th Century, and make an interesting comparison with the majority 
of the women of today. 



Passive Negatives 109 

In the emotional type the indications of emo- 
tional activity will be present, but the head will be 
rather narrow in structure and sunken at the tem- 
ples; the eye will be medium bright, but not de- 
cidedly so. The brow, nose, and mouth will tend 
toward being slightly contracted. The cheeks will 
tend toward being sunken and the skin is likely 
to be yellow, while the muscle structures will 
have a tendency to be flabby rather than 
elastic. 

In the intense type moodiness is often the result 
of too much heavy food which causes biliousness 
and which will increase the amount of bile salts in 
the system, which retards the action of the heart 
and circulation. This condition is shown by the 
white of the eye and the skin becoming tempor- 
arily yellow. The moodiness is regulated by the 
activity or lack of activity of the secretory system. 

All very dark people are subject to fits of de- 
pression and moodiness, which may grow into 
sullenness. 

Discontent. 

Discontent is the result of willingness to sit idly 
by while others accomplish by effort what the 
subject desires, with a tendency to brood over 
one's ills or imagined ills. Discontent cannot exist 



110 Character Qualities Outlined 

where there is not ambition or the possibility of 
accomplishing the things longed for. Discontent 
is more a subconscious than a conscious thing. 
Discontent will be found where there is full back 
head, showing plenty of physical force, large 
upper forehead section indicating broad imagina- 
tion; brow medium-compressed without large de- 
velopment of muscle structure in the center; eye 
emotional in character; nose heavy in structure; 
lips more than ordinarily full and of the soft, 
velvety type, with the mouth broad and the 
corners as far forward as the middle as the result of 
full cheeks, being the "sense" type of mouth; the 
lips not much compressed, showing lack of physical 
action, with the rim line of the upper lip slightly 
curled upward, or the outer rim of the lips slightly 
contracted with repression; the nostrils as they 
join the face sinking downward and contracted by 
the drooping of the corners of the mouth. If the 
last mentioned indications are found with all the 
other structures, indicating determination and 
action, it may be predicated that the discontent is 
not an inborn tendency as result of lack of energy, 
but a temporary development as result of some 
happening which has caused bitterness, Discon- 
tent if continued can be the basis for the develop- 
ment of ill-temper. 





'NOnjiy 




1. This developed brow with the emotional eye will give hypercriticisin 
and fault-finding. 

2. Small lower face structure, thin nose and sunken cheeks all indicate 
depleted body conditions, with probably egotism, secretiveness and sus- 
picion. 

3. Naturally coarse structures with sensuality developed in the eye, 
nose, mouth and chin. 



Passive Negatives 111 

Credulity, 

Credulity results in one being ready to believe in 
others and to accept information which they may 
offer without exercising an inquiring mind ; in other 
words, accepting everything without question 
rather than to exercise thought for himself. This 
quality will be found in the strongly "sense" type, 
and the indications of the "sense" type should be 
taken into consideration in judging the presence of 
this quality. The upper forehead will often extend 
forward beyond the lower third of the forehead, and 
the eyebrows will be relaxed and thrown backward 
without any compression. There will be no de- 
velopment of structures surrounding the eyeball 
which will be emotional in character. The root of 
the nose will be sunken, although the nostrils will be 
expanded. The mouth will be loose in structure 
without much compression; the lips full and moist 
in character; the cheeks full and the chin rounded 
and fleshy. Coloring will be good; the whole type 
will show love of ease, both mentally and physically. 
The natural quality is likely to be medium to 
coarse. 

Secretiveness. 

Secretiveness is a quality which results in one 
keeping everything to one's self, whether the thing 



112 Character Qualities Outlined 

concealed is of importance or not, purely through a 
love of keeping things to one's self, with a tendency 
to draw within one's self. It is a quality of narrow- 
ness. It is found in two different structures: one 
with light lower back head structure, narrow head 
through from ear to ear; cramped upper forehead; 
reasonably well developed perceptives, but narrow 
in structure, with sunken temples; nose small and 
thin as it joins the face, with a thin nostril which 
often pulsates; ears small; mouth structures thin 
and contracted, as will also be the brow and the 
nose. The lips will often pucker toward the center 
like a purse with the string drawn tight. The chin 
will be thin; the subject will show depleted blood 
conditions tending toward anaemia; the muscle 
structures will be flabby; the lower third of the face 
will be very light in structure. Secretiveness is 
often accompanied by egotism. Natural quality 
will be from medium to fine. In the second case 
this characteristic is found with the nose of rudi- 
mentary structure, when secretiveness will be 
instinctive and animal and all the structures will be 
crude; the forehead will be very low, practically no 
upper forehead, brows not developed; the eye wide 
open, eyes very wide apart; nose of a rudimentary 
character, represented practically by two round 
holes instead of a structure; the mouth unformed 






4. Inherent crudeness and coarseness, an,d yet a finer face than No. 3. 

5. Cramped forehead, slanting backward with lifted brow, prominent 
emotional eye and loose lower face structures, show the emotional erratic 
theorist. 

6. A face of fine quality, but so diplomatic and tactful as to lack de- 
cision. A lover of good literature and fine art. 



Passive Negatives 113 

and practically no chin. Secretiveness is of course 
a quality of narrowness and ignorance. 

Suspicion. 

Suspicion results in one being uniformly critical 
and doubtful of everyone with whom one comes in 
contact, — in other words, suspecting everyone of 
ulterior motives, with a tendency to tell less than 
the whole. The structures indicating this quality 
will be the same as those under the heading, "Se- 
cretiveness," except that the nose will be more 
vigorous in its width and size, although still with a 
contracted nostril, with the point strongly drawn 
over, the septum of the nose not being visible below 
the flanges of the nostrils. Suspicion is a more 
active quality than secretiveness, as it deals with 
others rather than retaining things within one. 
The head and face structures in suspicion will all 
be narrow. The eyes will be small and will tend to 
be close together, bright, and furtively alert where 
suspicion is found, which is not true where 
secretiveness is present. 

Selfishness. 

Selfishness is a desire to consider only self, either 
in relation to time or material things. Selfishness 
will be found with two different structures, one the 
result of a depleted body condition, the other the 



114 Character Qualities Outlined 

result of an over-development of body forces and 
strongly developed assimilative and secretory sys- 
tems, where energy is lacking to create the desire to 
do for others, and mental and physical indolence is 
present. The structures indicating the depleted 
bodily condition will be, scant back head structures, 
both upper and lower, with thin neck, the upper 
back head forming an apex, head narrow through 
from ear to ear with little development surrounding 
the ear; the upper forehead will be cramped in 
structure, with sunken temple; narrow brow drawn 
toward the center, and the brow, nose and mouth 
contracted ; the eye rather dull in its transparency, 
and small; the cheeks hollow or sunken, muscles 
flabby, skin pale or sallow in coloring; chin small; 
jaw weak. Often the tendency for mouth breathing 
will be evident. Natural quality from medium to 
fine. 

The second type would be indicated by the very 
full lower back head, broad upper back head, head 
very broad through from ear to ear, particularly 
immediately over the ears, and a full development 
immediately back of the ear; not full upper third 
of the forehead; brows not greatly compressed; the 
eye tending to be emotional but forced back into 
the head, indicating that the emotions have been 
crowded out to a great extent, with sunken root 




The brow lacks development on the 
outer corner. The strong emotions 
shown in the eye, nose and mouth will 
indicate irritability, ill -temper and 
resentment. This is a strongly com- 
bative nature of coarse quality. 




IltaH 



A good illustration of hard muscle structures. Noi 
sensitiveness or fineness here, but crudeness throughout. 
The miserly self-seeker. It would appear that the drawind 
is at fault in the position of the ear. 



Passive Negatives 115 

to the nose, expanded nostril; lips which were 
naturally of the "sense" type, compressed and hard- 
ened ; the upper lip short, hanging forward with an 
upward curl at the rim; chin muscles drawn up and 
hardened, with particularly broad chin and heavy 
jaw. Natural quality from below medium to coarse. 

Reticence. 

Reticence is a quality which usually arises from a 
sense of superiority which makes one hold one- 
self aloof, or from diffidence. It is a quality which 
reacts against the social side, and is therefore 
evident in the lower third of the face. Where the 
upper third of the face indicates in all particulars 
a nice development with a fine eye and broad men- 
tal attitude, but the nostril has a slight tendency 
toward contraction, and the mouth, although not 
definitely contracted, has a strong tendency in this 
direction and the corners of the mouth are not 
forced downward, this tendency toward aloofness 
will be found. Reticence, as compared with 
secretiveness, is found in the well developed mind 
and body as compared with the depleted conditions 
of secretiveness. 

Timidity. 

Timidity is where one has a desire to shrink from 
mental or bodily contest with others, and to 






116 Character Qualities Outlined 

even avoid contradiction; an inability to assert 
oneself. 

Timidity is usually the result of super-sensitive- 
ness and more mental development than bodily 
strength, and does not in any sense predicate lack of 
moral courage. This quality will be found in the 
highly-strung nervous organism, indicated by 
fine muscle structures throughout; delicate carti- 
lage of ears and nose; lack of lower back head 
structure, although full upper back head structure 
with the nape line of the neck high; narrow head 
structure from ear to ear; high reflective forehead; 
brow not strongly developed nor heavily com- 
pressed; with eye medium-deep-seated but with no 
brilliancy of physical or mental alertness; nose thin, 
sensitive and aesthetic in type; lips unusually sensi- 
tive and finely cut, although not thin in structure; 
chin and jaw finely balanced but light in structure 
as compared with the head above. This may be 
present with either good coloring or tendency 
toward depleted blood conditions, but where the 
coloring is good there will be larger fineness of 
natural quality and therefore more sensitiveness. 

Self-Centration. 

Self-centration is a quality which makes one 
think of self and self alone, and is really much like 




Znrravtd h TRoUowa* 



Duke D'Urbino. 

The whole structure and lack* of development of this face gives the idea 
of the feminine character in the masculine. 



Passive Negatives 117 

selfishness except that it is more of a mental atti- 
tude than an active thing. All the indications of 
selfishness of the narrow head type will be present, 
but the particular structures which evidence this 
quality are the way in which the eyebrows are 
drawn down so greatly in the center, the brow 
often being of a bone structure and not of a muscu- 
lar type; the nose will be strongly contracted; the 
mouth also drawn toward the center. The cheeks 
will be hollow or sunken, and this subject will be 
particularly lacking in tact. He will tend to de- 
vote himself almost exclusively to the doing of 
things in the concrete that he may have them 
immediately before him. He is decidedly narrow 
in his social relationships. The contracted brow 
indicates self-centration of mental attitude, con- 
tracted nose a holding back in expenditure of en- 
ergy, and contracted mouth conservatism in social 
relations. His muscle structures will tend to be 
hard and his natural quality will usually be from 
medium to coarse. 

Indecisiveness. 

Indecisiveness means the inability to make any 
decision, either mental or in regard to action, on 
either small matters or large. The structures of 
those who are decisive in minor matters but not 



118 Character Qualities Outlined 

in major matters are described under the head of 
Decision in Minor Matters. Indecisiveness is the 
result of lack of mental development, and will be 
found either with the structures of the strongly 
emotional type, which structures should be taken 
into consideration, or, with the one of crude struc- 
tures and limited mental scope, indicated by low 
crown to the head, narrow through from ear to ear, 
or very wide immediately above the ear; low fore- 
head; bony structure of brow; eye open, with no 
developed formation of structures surrounding it; 
nose crude, usually sunken at the root; mouth full 
and unformed. The muscle structure will tend to 
be flabby; depleted body conditions, including 
anaemic blood; poor assimilative and secretory 
activity. Poor circulation and heart action will 
result in lack of mental and physical courage and 
therefore indecisiveness. 

Self-Consciousness and Diffidence. 

Self-consciousness and diffidence are qualities 
that result in one being ill at ease in the presence of 
superiors or strangers. Self -consciousness is par- 
ticularly evident where action is required of the 
one possessing the quality while in the presence of 
others. Self-consciousness is usually associated 
with a desire to appear well, whereas diffidence is 



Passive Negatives 119 

usually evidenced 'by a "don't-care" feeling in re- 
lation to what others may feel in respect to the pos- 
sessor of the quality. Self -consciousness is found 
with the depleted bodily condition, and sometimes 
remains a habit after the cause has been righted. 

The particular structures will be, high nape line 
to the neck, with but little back head, narrow head 
through from ear to ear; cramped forehead; sunken 
temple; sunken rather than deep-seated eye, with 
upper lid drooping over the eyeball because of lack 
of muscle strength, and the lower lid dropping 
away from the eyeball from the same cause; con- 
tracted brow, nose and mouth of light structures, 
both as regards bone as well as muscles and flesh. 
The coloring will indicate a tendency toward anaemia, 
and the skin will have either a pale or yellowish tinge. 

Diffidence will be found more where there are 
fine healthy conditions, but great sensitiveness in 
combination with a vivid imagination and emo- 
tional activity, which structures should be con- 
sidered. Where this quality is present under these 
conditions it is nearly always the result of hard, 
unsympathetic treatment during the formative 
period, which may or may not have been continued 
later in life but which has caused a repression which 
has not been relaxed. The evidence of repression 
will be found in the mouth. 




Duke of Weymar. 

The large amount of emotionalism in the eye, combined with the sensitive 
nostril and mouth of emotional irritability, will result in supersensitiveness 
and the erratic nature. 



Active Negatives 121 

type,of ten more of a petulance than real irritability. 
The indications of this will be found in combination 
with the structure of the emotional person. The 
upper eyelid w T ill be full and baggy on the outer 
corner, the eye will be light in color and have a 
strained appearance, as though popping from the 
head. It will often be bloodshot and the rims of 
the eyelid will be red. The full-lipped tissues of 
the mouth will be slightly parched and the outer 
rims of the lips will have the appearance of being 
slightly contracted or drawn. Study indications of 
emotional activity. 

Where the irritability is in a subject of intense 
type there will be a slight pucker in the inner half 
of the eyebrow. The eye will be gray or brown, 
and deep-seated. There will be fullness in the 
outer corner of the upper eyelid, this fullness some- 
times extending across the entire width of the eye. 
The nose will be full in structure and the nostril 
distended. The lips of the mouth will be medium- 
full and greatly expanded and compressed. The 
rim lines of the lips will be very irregular and the 
red tissue will be dark in color, parched and 
cracked, with often a droop to one side of the lower 
lip. The ball of the chin will be muscular, red in 
color and sometimes dimpled. The skin will be 
unusually dark with a yellow tinge. The white 



122 Character Qualities Outlined 

of the eye will also be yellow, indicating inactivity 
of the eliminative system and too much bile in the 
blood, which result in causing sluggish circulation. 
Study indications of intensity. In the first type of 
irritability the "sense" reactions are evident in the 
indications of the activity of the assimilative and 
secretory systems. In the latter type the secretory 
and assimilative side will be insufficiently active, 
as indicated by the body and face being strongly 
muscular without any indications of flesh growth. 
See chapter, Nerve Tension as Evidenced in the Face, 
in "Character Revelations of Mind and Body," by 
this author. 

Ill-Temper. 

Ill-temper is a continued condition of irritability, 
and is found only in the intense, active type, and all 
indications of the intense, irritable type will be 
present in extreme degree. In addition to other 
mouth indications shown as indicating irritability 
in this type, the corners of the mouth will be drawn 
down and the inner corners of the flanges of the 
nostrils will likewise be drawn downward, while 
the whole nose will often take on a dark red coloring. 

Resentment. 

Resentment is a tendency to become irritable and 
feel disgruntled toward certain people as a result of 



Active Negatives 123 

either just or imagined cause. Resentment results 
from supersensitiveness, lack of self-confidence 
and irritability. Resentment may be found with 
either type of irritability. Where the irritability is 
of the emotional type the resentment is a less deep- 
seated thing and is usually evidenced by curling 
of the upper lip, the rim line of the upper lip curling 
upward instead of being straight. All the other 
structures will be the same as found where 
emotional irritability is present. Resentment is 
practically always present where there is the 
intense type of irritability, and is particularly 
active where the white of the eye and the skin are 
yellow as a result of abnormal bile conditions. All 
other indications of the intense type of irritability 
will be present. Where resentment is of a narrow 
character, abnormal head structures will prevail. 

Vindictiveness. 

Vindictiveness is the desire to get even for either 
a real or imagined injury, and is practically always 
accompanied by irritability and resentment, al- 
though there may be irritability and resentment 
without vindictiveness. The special structures in 
addition to those mentioned under irritability and 
resentment will be that the head will be narrow in 
structure, sunken at the temples, particularly 



124 Character Qualities Outlined 

heavy brow structure drawn down toward the 
center and not drawn down on the outer corners; 
small dark eyes close together, with very full 
muscle structure around the eyes, both above and 
beneath. All the muscle structures of the face 
will be thin in their make-up, as indicated by the 
thinness of the lip tissues. Both the nose and 
mouth, as well as the brow, will tend to be greatly 
contracted rather than expanded. The skin 
around the eye structures will tend to be almost 
black in coloring. 

Temper. 

Temper, as aside from ill-temper, which is a 
continued condition of being out of sorts with 
everything, is the explosive type. This explosive 
type of temper is of two kinds: one the emotional 
type where the heart action is very rapid and there 
is a quick outburst of temper which is soon over 
with, and the subject is sorry for the happening 
and anxious to make amends. The other type is 
found with the strong bile conditions which result 
in deep intensity, and this type is slow to anger 
and the fire will burn long beneath the surface 
before finding expression. When it does find out- 
let it is very vivid. The anger will be vio- 
lent in expression without thought for results, and 




A TBAX S -TI BEKIN E itrasteveri^o) 



Masculine vigor is shown in this strongly developed woman's face. Un- 
controlled temper is shown in the eye, the nostril, mouth and chin. The 
great energy combined with uncontrolled emotion would result in violence 
and cruelty. 



Active Negatives 125 

when once this anger has been roused the subject 
will never forget nor "make up" with the one who 
has caused it. 

There is a middle degree of anger which goes 
with balanced coloring, neither the emotional nor 
deeply intense type, and with this type of emotion 
after the happening the subject forgives but does 
not forget. The first kind of temper is found in the 
subject of emotional type who has effervescent 
irritability. For the correlation of structures 
evidencing this type of anger these two qualities 
should be referred to. The last type of anger 
accompanies intensity and the type of irritability 
which goes with intensity, including resentment 
and vindictiveness. For the activity and time that 
it will take to bring the last type of temper to the 
front the indications of sullenness must be taken into 
consideration. The greater the clearness and bright- 
ness of the eye the quicker the responses will be. 

Jealousy. 

Jealousy is a quality that causes a violent resent- 
ment to spring up within one for either just or 
imagined cause, and is always directed toward some 
other person. It may be in relation to sex or ego, 
and is in a sense an acknowledgment of inability as, 
result of depleted bodily condition or lack of mind 



126 Character Qualities Outlined 

development, to cope successfully with the one who 
has occasioned the jealousy. It may arise in one 
of very intense nature with rather scant structures 
of the lower back head but full structures of 
the upper back head. These indicate insufficient 
physical strength, but great love of home and home 
surroundings. Where jealousy is found the eye 
will often be unusually dark and bright, showing 
great activity of the forces. The eyes will usually 
be rather small, almond-shaped, with full surround- 
ing structure, and they will tend to be rather close 
together. These structures as mentioned, in ad- 
dition to the structures of resentment, suspicion, self- 
center and lack of justice of thought, to which you 
are referred, will indicate jealousy. Depleted bod- 
ily conditions as evidenced by shallow or sunken 
cheeks, with the lower half of the face light in 
formation both from the standpoint of bone and 
muscle in comparison with the upper third, are 
often part of one that is jealous. Jealousy will be 
found in the emotional brunette or the intense blond. 

Bitterness. 

Bitterness is a condition of discontent, but is a 
more active condition of discontent and includes 
resentment, which is at the bottom of this feeling. 
In other words, it may be considered as a 



Active Negatives 127 

continuing resentment. The structures will be 
the same as those found in discontent and resent- 
ment, with the addition that the cheeks will not be 
so full, the mouth will tend more toward the 
intense rather than the "sense" type. There will 
be a tendency toward parching of the lips with a 
curl on each side of the rim line of the upper lip. 
In other words, the mouth will show greater activ- 
ity than the mouth of discontent. 

Pessimism. 

Pessimism is a tendency on all occasions to look 
on the dark side of every proposition, happening or 
possible happening. It is not far from melancholia 
and may develop into it if excessive nerve strain is 
brought to bear. Body conditions are likely to be 
depleted as evidenced by scanty lower back head 
structure, the nape line of the neck being partic- 
ularly high up on the neck. The head structure 
will be narrow and the jaw and chin inclined to be 
weak and light in structure. The forehead will be 
narrow so far as width is concerned, medium in 
height and tending toward being square, with 
sunken temples ; heavy, square perceptive develop- 
ment; eyebrows drawn down close to the eyes, 
which will be sunken rather than deep seated. 
The muscle structure between the brows will show 



128 Character Qualities Outlined 

a number of small wrinkles rather than deep 
wrinkles, indicating thin muscle structure. The 
brow is likely to be drawn in the center; the nose 
will be contracted throughout its whole length; the 
mouth contracted, and cheeks shallow to sunken. 
The eye and skin coloring will be dark, tending 
toward yellowness. The chin will be pointed and 
narrow, the chest is likely to be flat or sunken. 

Intolerance. 

Intolerance is a quality which gives the tendency, 
to override others, and to lack in consideration for 
others' rights and feelings. All the indications of 
ill-temper are likely to be present, and in addition 
the lower third of the face will be heavy and square, 
including both the jaw and chin, and the whole 
lower lip will hang from one-fourth to one-half 
inch further forward than the upper lip. The rim 
line of the lower lip will tend to be drawn down- 
ward, giving the lower lip a hard but loose effect. 
Intolerance is a quality of physical force and 
energy not properly directed by mentality. 

Obstinacy. 

Obstinacy is a quality that results in one stand- 
ing by an opinion or decision with a refusal to con- 
sider the logic of reasoning contrary to that 
opinion. It is a refusal to either act or agree to 




JlnJccr^rruth sculp 



Kaufmann. 

Hard muscle structures, indicating with the eye and mouth develop- 
ment the passionate, intolerant and resentful type. 



Active Negatives 129 

what another suggests, although in one's inmost 
soul he knows the other one is right. It is a quality 
of ignorance and physical force and not of 
mentality, and is indicated by lack of development 
of judgment and reasoning. There is an over- 
degree of bone structure and physical force, with- 
out enough intensity to result in irritability or 
action. The structures will be broad head; 
cramped upper third of forehead; heavy bony 
perceptives, with brow only slightly compressed; 
lack of development in side head and in outer 
corner of brow, with contracted center of the brow ; 
heavy nose structure, not contracted but not 
expanded and active; heavy lip structure; skin dull 
in texture and tending to be flabby or extremely 
hard, with unusually broad face at the angle of the 
jaw, with heavy jawbone; deep and prominent chin. 

Skepticism. 

Skepticism is the active expression of a pessimist 
in relation to the propositions and things which he 
can see only from a negative standpoint. The 
structures for this quality are the same as those for 
pessimism, except that there will be a greater de- 
gree of activity in the face, with somewhat brighter 
and more active eye, a more active development be- 
tween the brows, and with more irritability present. 



130 Character Qualities Outlined 

The structures for pessimism and irritability of the 
intense type should be studied for this quality. 

Cynicism. 

Cynicism is a quality in which one is inclined 
toward pessimism and yet has rather a keen sense 
of dry humor with originality of viewpoint. It 
will be noted that in studying the structures for 
pessimism that a square, cramped upper forehead 
structure is mentioned. In cynicism there will be 
a broader upper head structure which will give 
more humor and more of the imaginative side to 
result in originality. There will also be a rather 
keen, active, deep-seated eye, either medium-dark 
or dark in coloring. The brows will be heavily 
compressed, close to the eyeballs, and decidedly 
sharp bridge line to the nose, very finely cut, 
expanded nostrils with full but well compressed, 
expressive lips, chin usually sharp. There will not 
be present the excessively dark coloring or the 
sunken temples that are found with pessimism, 
which quality, with these differences, should be 
considered. As bitterness is an element in cynicism 
these structures should be studied. 

Belligerency. 

Belligerency is a feeling of desire to attack others 
without the feeling of assurance of ability to 




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Active Negatives 131 

successfully enter into either mental or bodily con- 
test with another. Belligerency is the result of either 
having had a depleted body condition in earlier 
years, which has developed lack of self-confidence in 
contest with others and which has remained a 
subconscious thing after the cause has disappeared, 
or else it is the result of having been dominated by 
an unusually intolerant nature during earlier years, 
which in a sense has " broken the will." Although 
the cause has been removed, the effect continues to 
exist. The structures are those of legitimate 
aggressiveness with irritability. It is a quality 
that is only brought to bear when opposition is 
offered, and is often a thing which is sensed by 
the other party rather than a thing expressed in 
words. The feeling results in drawing the chin 
forward, tightening the chin and jaw muscles, and 
making the lower lip tend to creep up over the 
upper lip. It is a quality expressed when the face 
is active rather than when the face is passive, but 
if this attitude is constantly brought to bear the 
indications will be apparent in the face even when 
the face is passive. 

Unreasonableness. 

Unreasonableness is usually shown by making 
demands that are unjust in relation to small things 



132 Character Qualities Outlined 

rather than large ones, and in considering people's 
attitudes toward one in a negative light which is 
contrary to that which is intended. There are two 
different types which are prone to show this quality. 
One has a full neck; broad head structure; full 
forehead in the upper third, usually coming out 
full on the upper outer corners; perceptives not 
much drawn down nor developed; the eyebrow 
being a considerable distance from the eye, with 
fullness of the upper eyelid indicating irritability; 
the eye prominent with a strained appearance; the 
nostril finely cut, with a tendency to be what is 
termed the breathing nostril and also a tendency to 
dilate rather than expand. The mouth, although 
of the "sense" type, will be slightly contracted, 
indicating repression. It may be parched and 
cracked in its structures. The ball of the chin will 
be strongly drawn up; the face will be broad in 
chin and jaw structure. There will be high skin 
coloring showing plenty of blood. This type of 
unreasonableness results from emotional irritability, 
and for further information on structures see this 
quality. The unreasonableness arises from the 
irritability and lack of perceptive development, 
which result in poor judgment in positions 
taken. 
The other type of unreasonableness will be found 



Active Negatives 133 

where obstinacy is present, and for this type note 
obstinacy. It will also be found where depleted 
bodily conditions are present when the bone 
structure is heavy, with sallow skin coloring. 

Conceit. 

Conceit is an over-valuation of one's good 
qualities, appearance or possessions. Conceit is 
a quality of ignorance and is usually found 
in one of well balanced natural structures without 
development of mental quality, which would 
enable one to have a correct judgment of his 
abilities and which would give him the urge to 
develop those abilities. It is usually found in the 
full-blooded type, with the brow thrown backward 
and relaxed rather than compressed; the eye wide 
open, without development of structures around it; 
nose well formed, nostril well cut; short upper lip, 
lips full, bright in color, without much compression, 
particularly full in the center; ball of chin and 
cheeks bright in coloring; muscle structures flabby 
rather than elastic. 

Self-Satisfaction. 

Self-satisfaction is a feeling within one of being 
just right in all respects and having an erroneous 
feeling that all others think so. Self-satisfaction 



134 Character Qualities Outlined 

will have all the indications of conceit, although 
the face may be more strongly developed, but 
there will apparently be a "lifting 5 ' of all the 
muscles of the face, including the center of the 
brow and the corners of the mouth, giving 
the impression of a smirk and readiness to break 
out into a smile of self -approval. The structures 
of egotism should also be considered. 

Egotism. 

Egotism is a quality which makes one feel that 
he "knows it all" and wishes to impress his know- 
ledge on all with whom he comes in contact. It is 
a quality of ignorance and narrow mindedness. 
The nape line of the neck will be high, the back 
head structure will not be well developed either 
in the lower or upper portions, the top back head 
will be particularly high, tending to show an apex 
at this point, the head slanting from this apex 
toward the forehead. The head will be narrow 
through from ear to ear, the upper forehead is 
likely to be cramped in structure and narrow, brows 
narrow, particularly prominent on the outer corner, 
but bony in structure with sunken temple ; the eye- 
brow drawn down over the eye that is sunken 
rather than deep-seated; the nose prominent but 
of the aesthetic type, being very thin in structure 



Active Negatives 135 

as it joins the face and thin in nostril structure. 
The point is likely to have the division indicating 
discrimination. The lips will be thin in structure 
and contracted. The chin will be pointed, often 
running directly from the upper lip to the tip of 
the chin without any indentation. The jaws will 
be light in structure. The muscle structure will be 
flabby or hard, not elastic, and the skin coloring 
will indicate anemia or a sallowness indicating 
imperfect elimination. This quality will often be 
associated with the indications of fine natural 
quality undeveloped. 

Eccentricity or Being Erratic. 

To be erratic or eccentric is to do a thing or 
decide upon a thing in one way at one time and do 
or decide the same thing in an entirely different 
way upon another similar occasion, without any 
good reason for the change. Tendency toward 
being erratic is indicated in the brow development, 
the hair structure will not be well compressed with 
all the hair running one way, but will be scattered 
in formation. The wrinkles of the brow above 
will indicate that the brows at one time are lifted 
and at another time compressed, indicating that 
the subject has no settled manner of thought. 
The quality of orderliness in the outer corner of the 



136 Character Qualities Outlined 

brow will not be definitely developed and the outer 
corner of the brow will tend to be thrown backward 
rather than compressed. The mouth will be loose 
in structure and the rim line of the lips will be 
irregular in their formations. The eye will often 
have a tendency toward shiftiness and will incline 
to be dull, although there will be the liquid appear- 
ance of the eye which indicates that emotionalism 
is present. 

Indefiniteness. 

Indefiniteness is found where one has difficulty 
in coming to any decision or in taking any action 
even after a conclusion has been reached — no 
precision of either thought or action. The struc- 
tures described as indicating tendency toward 
being erratic will likewise be present in the one who 
is indefinite, but the indications will be in exag- 
gerated form. In other words, the brow will be 
less compressed, more changeable in form; the 
structures around the eyes will be less developed; 
the nostrils will be loose in structure; the lips will 
be unformed, and particularly will the lower lip 
hang loosely, and the chin move indefinitely. The 
whole posture and condition of the body will 
confirm the facial indications in looseness of car- 
riage and flabbiness. 



Active Negatives 137 

Duplicity. 

Duplicity is a quality which results in one using 
either word or act with intent to lead others to 
believe contrary to the actual truth. The struc- 
tures indicating this quality will be a lack of 
fullness in the crown section of the head, a tendency 
to throw the eyebrows backward at the outer cor- 
ners ; and a lack of development in the region where 
justice of thought should be present. The eye 
will have a tendency to be slightly higher on the 
outer corner than the inner corner, oblique in 
form. It is often associated with contracted 
brow, nose and mouth. As it is a quality ex- 
ercised with intent, it is not usual that it is 
found with the emotional type, but usually with 
the intense type and dark coloring. The eyes 
may possibly be rather close together. Prac- 
tically all the indications of sullenness are often 
present. 

Untruthfulness. 

Untruthfulness is to tell in words that which is 
not true for the purpose of deceiving another. The 
untruth may be told with premeditation or without. 

There are two types of people who lie. In one 
type emotional activity will be prominently present. 
The particular structures will include this quality, 



138 Character Qualities Outlined 

and the upper forehead will be full; brow will be 
but slightly compressed at any point, with the 
outer corners thrown backward, giving the im- 
pression of a slight contraction of the brow. The 
whole makeup of the subject will indicate 
expansion except for the mouth, which will tend 
to be full and savor of relaxation. The upper lip 
will be drawn down but the lower lip somewhat 
loose in appearance. 

The structures for good nature, imagination, 
resourcefulness, sense type and expression should be 
considered. This type has no premeditation, but 
seems to think of a lie more easily than the 
truth. 

The other type is intense and has a low forehead, 
the brow definitely contracted, the brows running 
upward obliquely from the center or thrown back 
upon the outer corner. The eyes also are small, 
narrow, often close together, bright and nervously 
alert, oblique in their setting. The mouth will 
show irritability of the intense type, with intolerance. 
The muscle structures will be hard rather than elas- 
tic; the subject will be dark in coloring. This 
type lies with premeditation and is far more 
dangerous in business dealings and otherwise, as 
they usually have mind enough to logically protect 
themselves. 



Active Negatives 139 

Cunning. 

Cunning is a quality of ignorance and narrow- 
ness which results in one leading others into a 
pitfall for the sake of attaining one's own desires. 
When resorted to it is always for the purpose of 
attaining an illegitimate end, as aside from sub- 
tlety, which is always exercised for the attainment 
of a legitimate end. 

There are two kinds of structures which indicate 
this quality : the first, narrow head structure, brow 
thrown back on the outer corner, strongly con- 
tracted in the center; eyes often oblique but not 
necessarily so, but always particularly close to- 
gether, deeply set and small in size, medium to dark 
in color; nostril tending toward contraction ; thin lip 
structure, and mouth small; often sallow skin col- 
oring, with hollow or sunken cheeks. The features 
will all be thin, and usually the face will not be as 
heavy in the lower third as it should be, but the in- 
tensity of the nature will give the activity and f urtive- 
ness in the eye which is always present in cunning. 
The structures for untruthfulness of the intense 
type, and resourcefulness should be considered. 

The second type is the rudimentary, which has 
purely animal cunning, as aside from the first type 
which usually operates as the result of intent. The 
rudimentary type has practically no upper fore- 



140 Character Qualities Outlined 

head; heavy, bony brow with no muscle structures; 
eye dark; skin dark; brow thrown back on the outer 
corner; no root to the nose; very broad in the end 
of the nose with practically only two round holes 
instead of nostrils; lips full, with no indication of 
mental development; practically no chin; more 
than usually active secretory and assimilative 
side as indicated by flesh growth. The quality of 
this subject will be very coarse. This type of cun- 
ning will be more of a defensive nature, used more 
as a result of the self -protective urge, whereas the 
other type of cunning will be offensive in its nature. 

Treachery. 

Treachery is a quality that wilfully and with 
intent, by word or act, without cause, works to- 
ward the injury of another. It presupposes that 
faith and reliance has been placed in the one that 
causes the injury. Treachery is made up of an 
extreme of selfishness, and partakes of resentment 
and vindictiveness. As this quality predicates 
mental and bodily activity against another, the 
brow will be strongly built of bone in the center, 
will slant backward from the center in its bone 
structures and the brow itself will arch backward 
and upward, with a wave from the center. The 
inner corners of the brow will be greatly drawn 












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Active Negatives 141 

down and contracted; the eye is likely to be higher 
on the outer corner than on the inner corner, narrow, 
deep-seated and small. If it is the type of 
treachery that does not require action the nose and 
mouth will be contracted, and the structures of 
the face will be light. This kind of treachery will 
be applied by word of mouth rather than by act, 
and the quality of the subject is likely to be from 
medium to fine. The presence of active treachery 
will be indicated by expanded to animal nose 
structure, without any fine lines; and the mouth, 
although expanded and exceedingly muscular in its 
structures, will be thin of lip, with red portions 
almost entirely drawn within; the ball of the chin 
will be drawn up, and every indication of intensity 
will be present, with the furtive alertness of the 
eye indicated by constant movement of the eyeball 
from side to side. Dark color will be particularly 
evident, with over-degree of bile in the blood, and 
with tendency toward biliousness and imperfect 
eliminative functioning. The quality of this sub- 
ject will tend to be coarse. The coloring of both 
types will be from dark to very dark. 

Cruelty. 

Cruelty is the wanton exercise of force toward 
others to the point of creating pain. The 



142 Character Qualities Outlined 

structures indicating cruelty will be, crudeness 
throughout; practically no nape line to the neck; 
low in both front and back crown section; very 
broad through from ear to ear; particularly full 
structures back of the ear and immediately above 
where the ear joins the head; forehead very low; 
very prominent and bony brow, with brows drawn 
down in the center, and no development upon the 
outer corners; the nose, and ears will be crude in 
their structure and full of angles; the nose may 
either be prominent or hollow at root, which will 
be the indication as to the activity of the cruelty 
(the more of activity the less of cunning) ; the mouth 
will be unformed, the lower lip loose and jutting 
forward, or of very thin structure, and greatly con- 
tracted, with very broad, crude jaw, tending to the 
intense type instead of the "sense" type. There 
will be heavy bone structure, and hard muscle 
structure as compared with elastic. The quality 
of nervous sensibilities, hair, skin and muscle 
structures, will be very coarse and crude. These 
structures indicate the brutal type of cruelty. 

Where it is in lesser degree it works itself out 
more in the desire for mental pain in the one toward 
whom it is directed, rather than physical pain. In 
this type the structures will not be crude, but the 
forehead will still be low, the brow particularly 



Active Negatives 143 

prominent, bony in structure, high cheek bones, 
high nose structure, very definite and broad jaw 
structures, the muscles will be unusually hard, 
with heavy hair growth, indicating intensity. All 
the indications of one who is opinionated and 
irritable will be present, and a noticeable absence of 
the structures of sensitiveness and sympathy. 

Curiosity. 

Curiosity results in a mind desiring information 
in relation to what is legitimately only the affairs 
of other people in whom the curious person may or 
may not have an interest. Curiosity is a narrow 
and undeveloped condition of what otherwise 
might be an inquiring mind. Curiosity is the 
result of having either a narrow mental scope, with 
an undeveloped inquiring mind, which is critical 
instead of analytical, or the result of having an 
emotional nature, which, by application has 
developed to some degree an inquiring mind and a 
mind for analysis, but because of indolence this 
type of mind, after being developed, is given 
nothing with which to occupy itself, and as a result 
is constantly digging into the affairs of others with 
whom it is brought in contact. 

The first structure will be particularly narrow 
head with cramped upper forehead; brow naturally 



144 Character Qualities Outlined 

close to the eye, with a tendency to be contracted in 
the center; eye small; nose narrow as it joins the 
face, with nostrils thin and the point drawing 
upward; with lips thin and contracted; ball of the 
chin small ; the lower third of the face tending to be 
relatively light ; the coloring medium to dark with a 
tendency toward sallowness. 

The other structure will be the full, high fore- 
head — the "sense" type — to which structure 
reference should be made; the brow quite strongly 
compressed over a prominent and emotional eye 
with rather good muscular development in the 
center; the outer corner of the upper eyelid and 
mouth indicating quite a degree of irritability; the 
nose somewhat sunken at the root and indicating, 
with the mouth, a tendency toward love of ease; the 
mouth naturally soft in its structures; the brow, 
the nose and the mouth compressed and expanded. 
Quality in this type will be from medium to fine. 

One Who is Opinionated. 

One who is opinionated will have an opinion 
upon practically all subjects, and will hold to that 
opinion as against the reasoning or persuasion of 
others. It usually predicates the tactless person 
who imposes his opinions on others whether they 
are asked for or not, and literally fights for those 



Active Negatives 145 

opinions. The one who is opinionated has 
obstinacy, egotism, and combat iveness present, as 
well as narrowness of mental scope, and delights to 
express his feeling in words. There is usually 
some degree of irritability and intolerance present, 
which provides the constant urge toward verbal 
combat. The structures for these qualities will 
produce the evidence. The muscle structures will 
be particularly hard in character ; there will be large 
bone structures throughout, with more than usual 
indications of energy present. The upper forehead 
will be cramped in structure; the brow will be of 
heavy bone, without much muscular development, 
and the face will tend to have a hard appearance. 
Sensitiveness will be noticeably lacking. 

Antagonism. 

Antagonism is a feeling caused by the tactless, 
opinionated or belligerent attitude of another, and 
is coupled with a feeling of irritability and resent- 
ment. This quality will be found in the alert, keen, 
well-balanced type — the opposite to the one that 
creates it. There is no settled type that is anta- 
gonistic to any other settled type, and the one 
who stirs the antagonism must be considered in 
relation to the one in whom the antagonism is 
stirred before it can be decided as to whether such 



146 Character Qualities Outlined 

a reaction would result from the contact of certain 
people. It would be necessary that irritability of 
the intense type, resentment and combativeness be 
present, and these structures should be considered. 



CHAPTER IX 

APTITUDES 

Executive Ability. 

This quality enables one to conduct oneself so as 
to accomplish the greatest amount of work as a 
result of effort. It is more generally considered 
as the ability to get the greatest possible amount 
of work within a set time out of those who are 
under the direction of such a personality. 
Executive ability also gives the power to build an 
organization and make the organization work 
harmoniously. Executive ability precludes the 
possibility that the one possessing it shall be jealous 
of the personal accomplishment of small things. 
An executive must be able to delegate authority 
and instruct others. 

As this quality is of wide range, many other 
qualities are necessary, and reference is made to the 
structures for the following qualities: decision of 
action; self -confidence; attention; self-assertiveness; 
self -dependence; tact; legitimate aggressiveness; good 

147 



148 Character Qualities Outlined 

personality; adaptability; initiative; resourcefulness; 
self-control; judgment; reason; caution; tenacity; 
mental and physical energy; planning ability; crea- 
tive ability; analysis; memory; will; foresight; loyalty; 
and determination. 

Constructive Ability. 

Constructive ability gives the power of building 
and putting together material things with an 
ability to draw a mental picture of the accom- 
plished purpose. The structures indicating 
constructive ability are, the broad head through 
from ear to ear, particularly forward of the ears, 
with the crown section of the head tending to be flat, 
the upper forehead low and square, the brow not 
greatly compressed, but definite in form, being 
broad and square. This type of head is usually 
accompanied by the eye that is medium-prominent 
to prominent, with broad bridge to the nose, broad 
nostrils as they join the face, decidedly heavy in 
structure, both at the point and in the wing of the 
nostrils; lips that are full; cheeks full; chin and jaw 
of heavy structure, both as to bone and flesh. The 
particular indication is the breadth of the forward 
side head structure. Quality will be from medium 
to coarse, with muscles tending to be rather hard 
than elastic. 




Count Stadion. 

The full, square forehead and broad head and face indicate caution, 
while the good development of the eye, nose and mouth structures show the 
exercise of fine judgment. This is the financial and judicial type. 



Aptitudes 149 

Organization Ability. 

Organization ability is found in the executive 
type, which, in addition to the structures for an 
executive, will also have a full development of side 
head. The particular difference between con- 
structive ability and organization ability is the 
question of quality, as organization ability is a 
mental outlet for constructive ability. There will, 
of course, be high reflective forehead, as well as 
definitely compressed brow and fine development 
of structure surrounding a good, clear eye, as well 
as a nice development of all the features of the face, 
showing that the muscles have been repeatedly 
tensed and afterwards relaxed. Where organiza- 
tion ability is found the whole body will be nicely 
balanced, with good reflective and perceptive de- 
velopment. The quality will be of high character. 



Financial Ability. 

Financial ability is the ability to judge 
accurately the advantages of an investment. This 
quality requires the exercise of caution, judgment, 
self-confidence, decision of action, self-dependence, 
self-control, good reflective and perceptive ability, 
analysis, memory, foresight, and intuition; and the 
structures for these qualities should be considered. 



150 Character Qualities Outlined 

Particularly should caution be present in combi- 
nation with a good personality. 

Business Ability. 

Business ability gives one the power to conduct 
one's daily occupation so as to result in profit. 
Business ability may mean the running of one's 
personal affairs or it may extend to the conduct of a 
large business. The leading qualities which must 
be present for one to be successful are, mental and 
physical energy, judgment, discrimination, caution, 
self-confidence, tact, memory, self-dependence, per- 
sistence, will and foresight; and these structures 
should be considered. 

Sales Ability. 

Sales ability gives one the power to be able to sell 
to others either personal service, the service of 
others, or a commodity, at a profit to both the 
buyer and the seller. 

The chief qualities which are necessary in sales- 
manship are, judgment of character, judgment, dis- 
crimination, reasoning ability, mental and physical 
energy, tact, good reflective and perceptive ability, 
accuracy, logic, poise, enthusiasm, inspirational 
power, originality, aggressiveness, well-balanced 
physical forces, power of observation, will power, 



Aptitudes 151 

tenacity, persistence, endurance, initiative, ambition, 
sincerity, loyalty, power of expression, responsiveness, 
personal magnetism, recuperative power, and both 
mental and physical courage; and the structures for 
these qualities should be considered. 

In salesmanagership the qualities of an executive 
must be considered in addition to the above qual- 
ities; but particularly mustasalesmanagerbe able to 
make those whom he directs love him as well as fear 
him, as he must have both persuasive as well as 
driving power. A salesmanager is a salesman with 
high quality and executive ability. 

Mechanical Ability. 

Mechanical ability includes the power to both 
comprehend and perform various kinds of mechani- 
cal processes; particularly does this apply to the 
making of things with metals. The particular 
qualities which will be necessary are the brow of 
bony rather than muscular structure, with sharp 
corners, prominent bone structure throughout its 
entire width, rather narrow in structure than 
broad; the head short and round rather than long, 
although not full-cheeked ; the nose broad as it joins 
the face, with broad heavy nostrils; heavy lower 
face structure. One of the chief characteristics of 
this type will be medium quality, with muscles hard 



152 Character Qualities Outlined 

rather than elastic in texture. He should have 
physical energy, good judgment of form, weight, and 
size, {perceptive brow), dexterity of hand, patience, 
and good constructive ability; which structures 
should be considered. 

Inventive Ability. 

Inventive ability is the ability to create new 
things and to meet new requirements in new ways. 
The qualities necessary to result in this ability are, 
mathematical ability, resourcefulness, initiative, 
optimism, foresight, concrete and abstract reasoning, 
imagination, intuition, creative and planning ability, 
mind for sequence, enthusiasm, and inspirational 
ability, persistence, endurance, perseverance, tenacity, 
self-confidence, and self-assertiveness; and the struc- 
tures for these qualities should be considered. 
This ability particularly requires that there shall be 
deep concentration in combination with a fair 
degree of emotionalism to give life to the imagi- 
nation. This is a very unusual combination. 

Mathematical Ability. 

Mathematical ability gives one the power to 
calculate from known conditions the result of a 
combination of these conditions. Mathematical 
ability will be shown in good reflective ability and 



Aptitudes 153 

good broad perceptive ability, with a good degree of 
compression and fullness on the outer corners of the 
brow. In addition to this particular structure 
there must be mental alertness, which structure 
should be considered. This describes the type 
which arrives at its conclusions through conscious 
reasoning and use of the perceptive mind. 

The genius type of mathematician uses the sub- 
conscious mind nearly wholly, and will have the 
full, broad reflective forehead, with a large amount 
of emotional activity, but with brows only com- 
pressed to a slight degree. As the perceptives are 
developed in this type the ability to perform 
wonderful feats seems to disappear. 

Scientific Ability. 

Scientific ability gives one the power to compre- 
hend the sciences, as well as the enjoyment of 
them, with the ability to not only understand, but 
originate things of a scientific nature. This 
quality is shown in a broad, compact development 
of a muscular upper forehead, with an unusually 
fine compression and expansion of a broad, muscu- 
lar, prominent lower forehead, outer corners of the 
brow particularly well compressed and developed, 
with brow drawn down close to a deep-seated, 
almond-shaped eye, clear, with deep transparency; 



154 Character Qualities Outlined 

the eye structures well formed; large nose, with 
expanded nostrils showing energy; with long upper 
lip; coloring will tend to be medium to dark. 
Emotional activity will particularly be absent. 
The qualities which will necessarily be present will 
be the inquiring mind, analysis, mental scope, logic, 
power of observation and attention, visual ability, 
sensitiveness, judgment, alertness, accuracy, definite- 
ness, with mental and bodily energy and concen- 
tration, justice of thought and orderliness, subtlety of 
mind, tenacity, perseverance; and the structures for 
these qualities should be considered. Particularly 
high, natural and developed quality must be 
present, with fine balance where scientific ability is 
found. 

There is another type of scientific mind that is 
best represented by the field geologist as compared 
with the laboratory man. The field geologist will 
have less compression of brow, but a particularly 
prominent one. The eye will be keen but some- 
what emotional, — one of the type that sees the 
large thing first and reasons to the detail. He 
will visualize locations and contours. He will be 
more full-blooded and tend to have more elastic 
muscles, with more of imagination and physical 
energy. The other structures will be the same as 
those of the strictly scientific mind. 







Mengs 

The fine forehead with brow fairly compressed, in combination with the 
keen and alert eye of sensitiveness and observation, undoubtedly made him 
a fine artist. Note the mouth is but little compressed. 



Aptitudes 155 

Literary Ability. 

Literary ability gives one the power to know 
written form, with discrimination, and the ability 
to express oneself in written words, either from 
facts or from out of the imagination. The par- 
ticular structures indicating this quality will be 
pear-shaped head and face; medium to narrow 
head structures, with good reflective and perceptive 
development; good powers of expression, a mind for 
sequence, responsiveness, initiative, originality, en- 
thusiasm, foresight, imagination, sensitiveness, per- 
severance, mental and physical energy, and legitimate 
criticism. Where the material to be written and 
appreciated is of imaginative character, the re- 
flective, emotional and "sense" type will be the more 
evident. Where the material is of a scientific, 
sociological or industrial nature, the intense type 
will be the more strongly developed. Literary 
ability particularly requires fine quality throughout, 
but is occasionally found with coarse natural 
quality, the other structures being present. 

Artistic Ability. 

Artistic ability is the ability to see things from 
the standpoint of the beautiful, the ability to see 
things from an unusual viewpoint rather than 
the normal, and to get a pleasing sense perception 



156 Character Qualities Outlined 

from such things, to create and do things 
that will cause sense appreciation by stirring 
the emotions. It may include the love of art, 
music, dramatic work, etc., and may find expres- 
sion in doing any of these things. Emotional activ- 
ity must be present where the artistic side is found. 
There will also be imagination, creative ability, 
originality, mind for sequence, enthusiasm, high 
ideals, decided sensitiveness, resourcefulness and 
responsiveness; and these structures should be 
considered. 

Where the thing created has the element of me- 
chanical skill, such as interior decoration, design- 
ing, commercial art and portraiture, the brow will 
be compressed and show perceptive ability well 
developed. This kind of ability requires a com- 
bination of intensity with emotional activity, which 
accompanies the "sense" type. 

As a suggestion for determining the qualities 
which are necessary to equip one for particular 
vocations, a few instances have been selected and 
their character qualities outlined: 

Buyer: 

Judgment 

Discrimination 

Caution 



Aptitudes 157 

Reason 

Mathematical Ability 
Tact 

Appreciation 
Memory 

General Manager: 

High average of Executive Qualities 

Employment Manager: 
Observation 
Judgment of Values 
Executive Ability 
Memory 
Expression 

Mathematical Ability 
Personality 
Reason and Analysis 
Judgment of Character 
Tact 

Office Manager 
Energy 
Judgment 
Observation 
Organization 
Decision 
Self-Confidence 
Tact 
Initiative 
Constructive Ability 



158 Character Qualities Outlined 

Originality 
Poise 

Advertising Manager: 
Expression 
Organization 
Constructive Ability 
Imagination 
Personality 
Originality 
Initiative 

Cashier: 

Mathematical Ability 

Memory 

Judgment of Character 

Integrity 

Dexterity 

System 

Personality 

Intuition 

Accuracy 

Caution 

Judgment 

Analysis 

Executive Ability 

Tact 

Teller: 

Moral Perceptions 
Integrity 



Aptitudes 159 

Mathematical Ability 

Memory 

Dexterity 

System 

Personality 

Intuition 

Accuracy 

Designer: 

Mechanical and Artistic Ability 

Constructive Ability 

Color Discrimination 

Dexterity 

Skillfulness 

Imagination 

Engineer 

Mathematical Ability 

Mechanical Ability 

Constructive Ability 

Judgment 

Caution 

Reason 

Executive Ability 

Observation 

Personality 

The judicial lawyer will require particularly 
high reflectives, which will give him great deliberate- 
ness of judgment; good abstract reasoning; foresight; 



160 Character Qualities Outlined 

knowledge of human nature; intuition; memory; 
planning ability; mind for sequence; memory for 
events; resourcefulness; responsiveness; judgment of 
values; powers of observation; attention; logic; analy- 
sis; mental scope; definiteness; accuracy; patience, 
and particularly justice of thought. 

The counsel lawyer is a narrower type, and 
particularly requires judgment; perseverance; tenac- 
ity; mental alertness; observation; attention; practi- 
cality; mental scope; analysis; logic; mind for se- 
quence; detail mind, with definiteness and accuracy, 
and a good degree of self-confidence and power to 
express himself; but does not need the sociability 
and the qualities which make it possible for him to 
persuade others. He is to give advice, and decide, 
not to persuade. 

The trial lawyer, on the contrary, particularly 
needs the ability to reach out toward others; good 
judgment of character; logic; memory; emotional activ- 
ity; mind for sequence; concrete and abstract reason- 
ing; intuition; memory for events; enthusiasm; 
humor; adaptability; tact; resourcefulness and re- 
sponsiveness, with good powers of expression; persist- 
ence; self-confidence; self-assertiveness; self-depend- 
ence; personal magnetism and sociability with a 
desire for praise; and the structures for these 
qualities should be considered. 



Aptitudes 161 

There are quite as many divisions of doctors and 
engineers as of lawyers, and in fact in all different 
pursuits of life; and the particular combinations of 
qualities must be reasoned out which are applicable 
:o the particular vocation, and the subject judged 
iccordingly. 



INDEX 



Abstract Reasoning, 25 
Accuracy, 60 

Active Negatives, 120-146 
Adaptability, 43 
Advertising Manager. 158 
Aggressiveness, Legitimate, 102 
Ambition, 80 
Analytical Mind, 56 
Antagonism, 145 
Aptitudes. 147-161 
Artistic Ability, 155 
Assertiveness, Self, 90 
Attention, Power of, 53 

B 

Belligerency, 130 
Bitterness, 126 
Bodily Concentration, 67 
Business Ability, 150 
Buyer, 156 



Cashier, 158 
Caution, 80 
Centration, Self, 116 
Character, Judgment of, 71 
Combativeness, 101 
Conceit, 133 

Concentration, Bodily, 67 
Concentration, Mental, 65 



Concrete Reasoning, 24 
Confidence, Self, 77 
Conscientiousness, 69 
Conservatism, 62 
Constructive Ability, 148 
Continuity of Purpose, 75 
Control, Self, 91 
Courage, Moral, 84 
Courage, Physical, 89 
Creative Ability, 32 
Credulity, 111 
Criticism, 60 
Cruelty, 141 
Cunning, 139 
Curiosity, 143 
Cynicism, 130 



Decision in Major Matters, 73 
Decision in Minor Matters, 72 
Decisiveness of Action, 87 
Definiteness, 58 
Dependability, 83 
Dependence, Self, 78 
Designer, 159 
Desires, Control of, 70 
Detail, Mind for, 59 
Determination, 76 
Diffidence, and Self Consciousness, 

118 
Dignity, 93 
Discontent, 109 



163 



164 



Index 



Discrimination, 68 
Duplicity, 137 

E 

Eccentricity or Being Erratic, 135 
Egotism, 134 
Emotional Activity, 41 
Endurance, 88 
Engineer, 159 
Energy, Mental, 64 
Energy, Physical, 88 
Enthusiasm, 37 
Erraticalness, 135 
Esteem, Self, 92 
Executive Ability, 147 
Expression, Power of, 97 



F 

Fidelity, 83 
Financial Ability, 149 
Foresight, 26 



Generosity, 82 
Good Nature, 97 



H 

Health Conditions, 7-18 
High Ideals, 39 
Humor, 38 



111 Temper, 122 
Imagination, 27 
Indecisiveness, 117 
Indefiniteness, 136 
Initiative, 78 



Inquiring Mind, 57 
Inspirational Ability, 44 
Intense Type, 103 
Intolerance, 128 
Introduction, 1-6 
Intuition, 29 
Inventive Ability, 152 
Irritability, 120 



Jealousy, 125 
Judgment, 49 
Judgment of Character, 71 
Judgment of Values, 54 
Justice of Thought, 68 



Lawyer, 159 

Legitimate Aggressiveness, 102 

Literary Ability, 155 

Logic, 55 

Love of Praise, 105 

Loyalty, 82 

M 

Manager Advertising, 158 

Manager Employment, 157 

Manager General, 157 

Manager Office, 157 

Magnetism, 99 

Mathematical Ability, 152 

Mechanical Ability, 151 

Memory, 31 

Memory for Events, 35 

Memory for Locations, 36 

Memory, Visual, 63 

Mental Action Qualities, 72-86 

Mental Alertness, 50 

Mental and Bodily Action, 87-106 

Mental Concentration, 65 



Index 



165 



Mental Energy, 64 
Mental Scope, 57 
Mind for Detail, 59 
Mind for Sequence, S4 
Moodiness, 108 
Moral Courage, 84 

N 

Negatives, Active, 120-146 
Negatives, Passive, 107-119 



Observation, Power of, 52 
Obstinacy, 128 
Office, Manager, 157 
Opinionated, One who is, 144 
Optimism, 95 
Orderliness, 69 
Organization Ability, 149 
Originality, 37 



Passive Negatives, 107-119 
Patience, 79 

Perceptive Ability, 46-48 
Perceptive Qualities, 48-71 
Percipient Mind, 51 
Perseverance, 99 
Persistence, 94 
Personal Magnetism, 99 
Pessimism, 127 
Physical Courage, 89 
Physical Energy, 88 
Planning Ability, 33 
Poise, 94 

Power of Expression, 97 
Practicality, 53 
Praise, Love of, 105 
Psychic Decision, 74 



Psychic Knowledge of Human 
Nature, 28 



Recipient Mind, 28 
Recuperative Power, 100 
Reflective Ability, 22-24 
Reflective Qualities, 24-45 
Resentment, 122 
Resourcefulness, 44 
Responsiveness, 45 
Reticence, 115 



Sales Ability, 150 
Satisfaction, Self, 133 
Scientific Ability, 153 
Secretiveness, 111 
Self-Assertiveness, 90 
Self-Centration, 116 
Self-Confidence, 77 
Self-Consciousness and Diffidence, 

118 
Self-Control, 91 
Self Dependence, 78 
Self Esteem, 92 
Selfishness, 113 
Self Satisfaction, 133 
"Sense" Type, 104 
Sensitiveness, 39 
Sequence, Mind for, 34 
Sincerity, 81 
Skepticism, 129 
Sociability, 100 
Speculating or Gambling Spirit, 

96 
Subtlety of Mind, 48 
Sullenness, 107 
Suspicion, 113 
Sympathy, 41 
System, 62 



166 



Index 



Tact, 81 
Teller. 158 
Temper, 124 
Tenacity, 96 
Timidity, 115 
Treachery, 140 

U 

Unreasonableness, 131 
Untruthfulness, 137 



Values, Judgment of, 54 

Vindictiveness, 123 

Visual Memory, 63 

Vitality, 19-21 

Vocations, Qualities for, 156-161 



W 



Will Power, 75 



314-77-6 



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